2021
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101239
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Immune Function in Critically Ill Septic Children

Abstract: The inflammatory response in pediatric sepsis is highly dynamic and includes both pro- and anti-inflammatory elements that involve the innate and adaptive immune systems. While the pro-inflammatory response is responsible for the initial clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis, a concurrent compensatory anti-inflammatory response often results in an occult, but highly clinically relevant, form of acquired immunodeficiency. When severe, this is termed “immunoparalysis” and is associated with increased risks for n… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(7 citation statements)
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References 54 publications
(58 reference statements)
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“…CARS is associated with an increased risk for secondary infections, shock, and organ dysfunction and increased mortality ( 1 , 3 , 27 ). While CARS is clinically occult, hyporesponsive innate and adaptive immune cells have been identified ( 3 , 4 , 28 ).…”
Section: Sepsis Immunoparalysismentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…CARS is associated with an increased risk for secondary infections, shock, and organ dysfunction and increased mortality ( 1 , 3 , 27 ). While CARS is clinically occult, hyporesponsive innate and adaptive immune cells have been identified ( 3 , 4 , 28 ).…”
Section: Sepsis Immunoparalysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite potential validity and utility of markers for sepsis IP, such as human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, or absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC), the CARS paradigm faces 2 fundamental challenges ( 3 , 4 , 28 , 35 ). First, compensatory molecular or cellular anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which immune cells become hyporesponsive in CARS remain undefined.…”
Section: Sepsis Immunoparalysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PhenoGraph Clustering of Manually Gated B Cells. As the adaptive immune response is crucial for the production of antibodies that eliminate harmful pathogens, 21 we focused on the phenotype and population change of adaptive immune cells (B and T cells) in SP. In Figure 3, although we identified three distinct B cell-PhenoGraph, we could not differentiate between naive and memory B cells.…”
Section: ■ Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is well known that sepsis induces an initial systemic inflammatory response syndrome and a nearly concurrent compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, which may lead to immunoparalysis and increased risk of nosocomial infection and viral reactivation. 18 In fact, a higher rate of CMV active infection has been reported in nonimmunosuppressed critically ill adults with sepsis (32%; 95% CI 22%–45%). 8…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%