Immune function in sport and exercise

Gleeson, Michael

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2007

Cited by 794 publications

(776 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Few data exist to support differences in resting immune function with training status [40]. Nieman et al reported elevated NK cell activity in elite rowers compared with controls [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Allgrove

Chapman²,

Christides³

et al. 2012

JRRD

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Abstract-This study examined the effect of a 1 h, self-paced handcycling time trial on blood leukocytes, mucosal immunity, and markers of stress in paraplegic athletes. Nine male paraplegic athletes (spinal injury level thoracic 4-lumbar 2) performed 1 h of handcycling exercise on a standard 400 m athletics track. Heart rate (HR) was measured continuously during exercise, and a retrospective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained immediately after. Venous blood and saliva samples were collected immediately before exercise (Pre-Ex), after exercise (End-Ex), and 1 h postexercise (1-h Post). The athletes completed mean +/-standard error of mean 22.4 +/-1.1 km cycling at HR 165 +/-2 beats/min, RPE 15 +/-1, and blood lactate 7.9 +/-2.5 mmol/L. Total leukocytes increased 72% and neutrophils increased 74% End-Ex; both remained elevated at 1-h Post (both p < 0.05). Lymphocytes increased 53% and natural killer cells increased 175% End-Ex (both p < 0.05), but returned to near baseline levels 1-h Post. Increases (p < 0.05) were observed End-Ex in alpha-amylase activity (p < 0.05), which returned to baseline at 1-h Post, but there was no significant change in saliva flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, or cortisol. These data confirm that 1 h of handcycling exercise elevated circulating leukocytes but had a minimal effect on mucosal immunity. These changes appear to be associated with alpha-amylase rather than cortisol.

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“…Few data exist to support differences in resting immune function with training status [40]. Nieman et al reported elevated NK cell activity in elite rowers compared with controls [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Allgrove

Chapman²,

Christides³

et al. 2012

JRRD

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“…Antagonicamente, o exercício pode levar a um quadro imunossupressor, com aumentos nos episódios de ITRS, caso executado intensamente e/ou por períodos prolongados que extrapolem as limitações físicas dos atletas ou quando o período de recuperação é insuficiente [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Os aumentos nos episódios de ITRS tem relação com: aumentos nas contagens dos neutrófilos e diminuição nos linfócitos circulantes 1,14 ; redução da proliferação dos linfócitos e na citotoxicidade das células Natural Killers (NK) 1,13,14 ; aumento da apoptose dos linfócitos 1,13 ; redução da imunidade da mucosa, em decorrência de diminuições nas concentrações séricas de anticorpos específicos, principalmente a imunoglobulina (Ig)-A 1,3,7,15 e aumentos nas concentrações séricas das citocinas pró-inflamatórias, principalmente interleucina (IL)-1β, IL-6 e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-α. Essas modificações são mais evidentes após provas de maratona 1,7,9 e testes prolongados em esteira 1,14 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Parâmetros Imunológicos E Infecções Do Trato Respiratório Superior Em Atletas De Esportes Coletivos

Dias

Baganha

Cieslak

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Artigo de revisãoReview ARticle ARtículo de Revisión RESUMOEntre atletas e treinadores, existe uma percepção comum de que altas cargas de treinamento e competições, aplicadas de forma crônica, com controle nutricional e/ou períodos de recuperação inadequados, podem reduzir a resistência imunológica, aumentando a predisposição aos episódios de infecções, principalmente infecções do trato respiratório superior (ITRS). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo está centrado em revisar as interações entre os parâmetros imunológicos com a síndrome do sobretreinamento, especificamente em esportes coletivos, considerando a sua natureza intermitente. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão de periódicos nacionais e internacionais relacionados com o tema. As correlações entre exercício, sistema imunológico e suscetibilidade às ITRS têm sido avaliadas principalmente em esportes individuais e de resistência em comparação aos coletivos. As modulações dos leucócitos ao longo da temporada, frente ao efeito somatório das cargas de treinamento e competições, quando analisadas especificamente quanto aos neutrófilos e monócitos, possivelmente se relacionam com os processos de reparo tecidual e incidência de ITRS. As modulações relacionadas com os linfócitos parecem estar relacionadas mais diretamente com a incidência das ITRS. Ademais, o entendimento de todos os marcadores propostos, incluindo os imunológicos em associação com os indicadores de desempenho e controle do treinamento, parece ser um caminho mais promissor para o diagnóstico clínico do estado imunológico do atleta e da prevenção da síndrome do sobretreinamento do que necessariamente a busca por um marcador exclusivo de excesso de treinamento.Descritores: alergia e imunologia; infecções respiratórias; exercício; medicina esportiva. ABSTRACT Among athletes and coaches, there is a common perception that high training loads and competitions, applied chronically, with inadequate nutritional control and/or recovery periods, may reduce the immune resistance, increasing susceptibility to infection episodes, mainly upper respiratory tract infection (URTI

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“…Exercise can profoundly influence health [1], and there is mounting evidence that the mechanism of these beneficial effects is related, in part, to the impact of exercise on immune function [2]. Precisely how the various physiological perturbations that accompany physical activity (ranging from acidosis to heat to the secretion of potent endocrine hormones and neuroadrenergic mediators) actually alter immune function is still not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum from exercising humans suppresses t-cell cytokine production

Radom‐Aizik¹,

Leu²,

Zaldivar³

2007

Cytokine

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Exercise affects t-cell cytokine production. Whether or not these effects are caused by circulating factors associated with physical activity (e.g., inflammatory mediators, acidosis) is unknown. To investigate this, we incubated sera (10%), obtained from 16 young-adults before (PRE) and after (END) 30-min of exercise, with commercially available Jurkat cells, a t-lymphocyte model, that, of course, had never been exposed to an exercise milieu. After 1-h and 6-h in culture, we measured in the supernatant four cytokines (each known to be altered by exercise and involved in disease pathophysiology): IL-2, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1ra. Cell proliferation was assessed with proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PNCA). Statistical analysis consisted of a linear mixed model for repeated measurement. There was no effect of exercise on t-cell production of either TGF-β1 or IL-1ra. In contrast, both IL-2 (p=0.025) and TNF-α (p=0.031) production was significantly suppressed in sera from the exercising participants. The suppression of these two cytokines occurred despite the fact that PNCA significantly increased (p<0.0001) in the END serum. In conclusion, exercise alters circulating factors that can, subsequently, influence t-cell cytokine production in vitro.

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Immune function in sport and exercise

Cited by 794 publications

References 45 publications

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Immunoendocrine responses of male spinal cord injured athletes to 1-hour self-paced exercise: Pilot study

Parâmetros Imunológicos E Infecções Do Trato Respiratório Superior Em Atletas De Esportes Coletivos

Serum from exercising humans suppresses t-cell cytokine production

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