Immune-Mediated Association Between Celiac Disease and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Narrative Review

Abstract

The auto-immune correlation between sensorineural hearing loss and celiac disease has previously been hypothesized. This review describes available evidence and offers insights for future perspectives. We searched the PubMed database. Studies in the review included children and adults with celiac disease evaluated for hearing loss. Individual case reports and review articles were excluded. The various searches turned in 32 results, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Auto-immune hearing loss has been proposed as extraintestinal symptoms of celiac disease, despite the pathogenetic mechanisms being not entirely clear. Several studies postulated that subclinical hearing loss may be present in children with celiac disease. Despite existing literature not clarifying the link between celiac disease and sensorineural hearing loss, some authors proposed hearing screening in younger patients with celiac disease, to prevent the behavioral, cognitive, and sensorimotor impairment of hearing loss. Further rigorous studies are strongly recommended to better explore the relationship between hearing loss and celiac disease.

Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations and Esophageal Disorders in Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review

“…A possible correlation between SNHL and CeD investigated in adults was first reported in an Italian study from 2007 [52]. Subsequent investigations on associations between CeD and SNHL, including one study on adult patients and eight studies on children and adolescents, were summarized in a systematic review presented by De Luca et al [51]. Another study suggest that hearing screenings should be recommended for children with CD in order to prevent the potentially unfavorable effects of hearing loss on the emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and sensorimotor development of these patients [53].…”

“…SNHL accounts for approximately 90% of reported hearing loss in the general population, is usually permanent, and can be mild, moderate, severe, profound, or total. The pathological mechanism behind SNHL is not entirely clear and several mechanisms such as malabsorption and immune-mediated neurological damage, comprising autoantibodies, autoreactive T cells, and immune complex deposition, have been proposed [50,51]. Most used methods for the examination of hearing complaints were pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and contralateral suppression of the TEOAE.…”

Associations between Celiac Disease, Extra-Gastrointestinal Manifestations, and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Overview

“…The majority of research has concerned sensorineural hearing loss. A systematic narrative review on the association between CeD and sensorineural hearing loss, including 10 studies of children and adults, was published by De Luca et al [ 23 ]. Some examinations demonstrated a significant effect of CeD on the auditory system, while others did not.…”

Celiakija: Intestinė Ir Ekstraintestinė Klinikinė Išraiška

“…Emalio defektai, aftinis stomatitas ir hipertransaminazemija, platus profilis neurologinių simptomų, tokių kaip galvos skausmas, parestezijos, neurouždegimai, nerimo sutrikimai ir depresija, artritai, odos ligos taip pat priskiriami ekstraintestiniams celiakijos simptomams. Mokslinėje literatūroje aprašyta atvejų, kai celiakijos liga siejama su otolaringologiniais simptomais − sensorineuraliniu klausos praradimu, obstrukcine miego apnėja, vertigo, nosies pertvaros perforacija bei malabsorbcijos sukelta koagulopatija ir kraujavimo diateze, kurios gali pasireikšti kraujavimu iš nosies [8].…”