Immune mediated conditions in autism spectrum disorders

Zerbo, Ousseny; Leong, Albin; Barcellos, Lisa F.; Bernal, Pilar; Fireman, Bruce; Croen, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.001

Cited by 140 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…Recently, another case-control study [39] investigated the prevalence of immune-mediated conditions and autoimmune diseases in a large sample of subjects. The prevalence before and after the first diagnosis of ASD was also determined.…”

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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Overall, the results of this systematic review seem to reveal an association between ASD and AD, suggesting that subjects with ASD have an increased risk of presenting with AD compared with typically developing controls, and vice versa. This association is supported by clinical/epidemiological aspects, shared genetic background and common immunological and autoimmune processes. However, the variability in study population and design, and the presence of other risk factors acting as confounding factors, sometimes contribute to inconsistent results. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism explaining the association between ASD and AD and to explore the causal association between the two conditions.

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Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies were conducted by an Egyptian research group which aimed to correlate atopic diseases in ASD with other clinical conditions and biological dysfunctions [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Association Between Asd and Ad In Connection With Other Atopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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“…Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in immune dysregulation in ASD [Rossignol and Frye, 2012;Rose et al, 2014]. Autoimmune diseases are diagnosed significantly more often among children with ASD than among controls [Zerbo et al, 2015] and among their family members [Comi et al, 1999].…”

Section: Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment

2016

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Mitochondrial disease refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting in defective cellular energy production due to abnormal oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) is diagnosed clinically and ideally, but not always, confirmed by a known or indisputably pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) mutation. The PMD genes either encode oxphos proteins directly or they affect oxphos function by impacting production of the complex machinery needed to run the oxphos process. However, many disorders have the ‘mitochondrial' phenotype without an identifiable mtDNA or nDNA mutation or they have a variant of unknown clinical significance. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (SMD) can be caused by genes encoding neither function nor production of the oxphos proteins and accompanies many hereditary non-mitochondrial diseases. SMD may also be due to nongenetic causes such as environmental factors. In our practice, we see many patients with clinical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction based on phenotype, biomarkers, imaging, muscle biopsy, or negative/equivocal mtDNA or nDNA test results. In these cases, it is often tempting to assign a patient's phenotype to ‘mitochondrial disease', but SMD is often challenging to distinguish from PMD. Fortunately, rapid advances in molecular testing, made possible by next generation sequencing, have been effective at least in some cases in establishing accurate diagnoses to distinguish between PMD and SMD. This is important, since their treatments and prognoses can be quite different. However, even in the absence of the ability to distinguish between PMD and SMD, treating SMD with standard treatments for PMD can be effective. We review the latest findings regarding mitochondrial disease/dysfunction and give representative examples in which differentiation between PMD and SMD has been crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

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“…to increased rate of middle ear infections at young age [2,12,13]. In addition, there is an increased prevalence of immune-mediated disorders in family members of children with ASD, including rhinitis, food allergy, and psoriasis and possibly even inflammatory bowel disease [10,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCFA-producing bacteria, e.g., Clostridia, Desulfovibrio, and Bacteroides, are increased in feces of children with ASD [39][40][41][42][43][44]. Clostridium species and Lactobacillus species were increased in the stool of affected children and these bacterial species are known to influence serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamines metabolism with increased 5-HT levels in whole blood and platelets, and together altered function and metabolism of neurotransmitters, and dysfunction of the serotonergic system have been reported to contribute to symptomatology of ASD [5,8,15,19,25,26,35]. 5-HT, thereby, is a potential candidate as a biomarker for ASD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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2015

HCIIN

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There is a rising interest in the use of dietary interventions to ameliorate prevalent brain diseases, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Nowadays, the existence of communication between gut and brain is well accepted and thus diet can influence brain functioning. A well-known nutrition based intervention for ASD is the gluten-free and casein-free diet. However, only some of the patients experience a relief in symptoms and thus efficacy seems to be limited to certain phenotypes. However, not much is known about the mechanism of action through which this diet might work, or about interpersonal differences that could lead to variation in response to the diet. Current evidence for efficacy of the GFCF diet is poor. Large scale, good quality randomized controlled trials are needed. Genetic and environmentally induced interpersonal differences were found in intestinal membrane permeability and blood brain barrier integrity as well as in activity of peptidase enzymes. These differences probably affect responsiveness to the diet. In addition, age and duration of the dietary intervention play a role in the efficacy of the gluten-free and casein-free diet. This is the reason why all these factors need to be taken into account to give appropriate advice about whether or not to follow this diet.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Casein-free; Casomorphin; Diet; Gluten-free; Intervention; Opioid; Peptides; Permeability Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gluten-free and Casein-free Diet: The underlying Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis MechanismsCitation: Cieślińska A, Kostyra E, Savelkoul HFJ (2017) Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with • (GFCF) diet is strongly promoted while there are additional diets without salicylates and phenols, and anti-candida diets since many ASD patients are affected by this yeast [17]. However, so far it has been difficult to prove the effectiveness of this diet in all patients [10,18]. Limited information is available on the underlying mechanism as well as explanatory factors of differences in response to the GFCF diet. Here, we focus on the mechanism of action underlying this dietary intervention as well as the origin of differences in response to the GFCF diet. Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet Might Alleviate Autism Spectrum Disorder SymptomsPeople with ASD are often in need of intensive care and guidance, leading to loss of parental productivity and high emotional and economic costs [8,19]. Therefore it is important to investigate potential treatments that alleviate the symptoms or preferably cure the disease. So far, sometimes life long, educational and behavioral interventions are used, although these therapies have limited efficacy for ASD [6,20]. Currently, there is growing interest in nutritional interventions for this disorder and there are promising mechanisms underlying the putative success of such interventions [19].In 1983 it was suggested that gluten and casein containing products could cause autism-like symptoms by altering the functioning of the brain. It was propo...

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Immune mediated conditions in autism spectrum disorders

Cited by 140 publications

References 34 publications

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment

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