Immune-mediated regression of ‘metastatic’ neuroblastoma in the liver

A comparative review of the immunobiology of murine neuroblastoma and human neuroblastoma

“…The roles of these factors in immunemediated antitumor activity is unknown, but a parallel However, r-IL-2 induced LAK activity has been demonstrated in the murine system. 14,63,64 enhanced expression of N-myc was observed in the same line. The above data, which details the host-tumor im-…”

“…These ''liver metastatic'' tumors grew progressively until the animals died, and variations in C1300-NB in strain A mice characteristically grows progressively until the death of the animal; and in later the length of survival depended directly on the tumor inoculum. 14 This model has permitted an analysis of stages of tumor growth, it is associated with regional lymph node metastasis. Central organ metastasis does the efficacy of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of a stage of disease that is almost not occur, a behavior akin to early stage clinical NB with favorable prognosis.…”

A comparative review of the immunobiology of murine neuroblastoma and human neuroblastoma

“…22 Other clinical features long survival, but the tumors in 50% of the animals relating to metastases include age: patients younger disappeared completely after treatment. 14 Akin to clinthan 1 year are more prone to tumor distribution in ical Stage IV -S patients whose liver tumors spontane-Stage IV -S sites, namely, skin, liver, and bone marrow; ously regressed, these animal livers reverted to a norin older children, metastases more characteristically mal histology after IL-2 treatment, without evidence occur in bone, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, and of either scarring or tumor maturation. Furthermore, rarely in the retro-orbital venous plexus, where ''black histologic examination of the treated animal livers eyes'' are produced.…”

Murine CD8 lymphocyte expansion in vitro by artificial antigen‐presenting cells expressing CD137L (4‐1BBL) is superior to CD28, and CD137L expressed on neuroblastoma expands CD8 tumour‐reactive effector cells in vivo

“…In animal models, both CD8 and natural killer (NK) cells participate in antineuroblastoma immunity when using a wide variety of modified tumour cells, including those modified to produce IL-2, granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interferon-c (IFN-c), or modified to express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or xenogeneic class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC). [10][11][12][13][14] Our previous work demonstrated that an aggressive subclone of Neuro-2a (AGN2a) generated by in vivo passage of the tumour required transfection with both CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) in order to serve as an effective tumour vaccine. 15 The effect of dual-expression of CD80 and CD86 was not due to simple additive strength of T-cell signalling, as Scatchard analysis of costimulatory antigen expression on permanently transfected AGN2a lines showed that the combined total of CD80 and CD86 molecules on the surface of these permanent cell lines was approximately equal to the level of CD86 alone.…”

“…In animal models, both CD8 and natural killer (NK) cells participate in antineuroblastoma immunity when using a wide variety of modified tumour cells, including those modified to produce IL‐2, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) or interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), or modified to express intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) or xenogeneic class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 10–14 . Our previous work demonstrated that an aggressive subclone of Neuro‐2a (AGN2a) generated by in vivo passage of the tumour required transfection with both CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) in order to serve as an effective tumour vaccine 15 .…”