Immune memory at 17-years of follow-up of a single dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine

Chen, Ying; Zhou, Chenliang; Zhang, Xinjiang; Hao, Zhi-Yong; Zhang, Yanhong; Wang, Songmei; Ma, Jingjiao; Zhao, Gan; Qiu, Chao; Zhao, Yuliang; Wang, Bin; Wang, Xuanyi

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.036

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…31,78 Finally, the extraordinary immunogenicity of HAV vaccines was recently demonstrated in Argentina and neighboring countries, where the incidence of viral hepatitis A and its complications declined significantly in healthy and immune-competent subjects immunized with only a single dose of an inactivated HAV vaccine. 79,80 A similar response was also observed in Chinese children immunized with a single dose of a live attenuated HAV vaccine. 34,80 In summary, whereas HAV infection has afflicted humans for thousands of years, recent advances in molecular tools for diagnosis and follow-up of HAV, the development of efficacious vaccines, and improved socioeconomic conditions are contributing to the control of hepatitis A worldwide.…”

Section: History Of Hepatitis a Shouval Reviewsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…71 Immune memory against HAV, following injection of vaccine, irrespective if it is inactivated or live attenuated, persists for years and, as shown for formaldehydeinactivated vaccines, lasts at least for 22 years without the necessity of a booster dose. [74][75][76]80 Initially, immunization was offered only to defined groups deemed at high risk to contract HAV infection or to children residing in HAV-endemic regions. 15 Later, mass immunization campaigns in babies had an impressive impact on the incidence of HAV infection, not only in children but also in adults in Europe, Asia, and the United States.…”

Section: An Official Learning Resource Of Aasldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The History of Hepatitis A

Shouval

2020

Clin. Liver Dis.

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Section: History Of Hepatitis a Shouval Reviewsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: An Official Learning Resource Of Aasldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Hepatitis A

Shouval

2020

Clin. Liver Dis.

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“…Second, the high incidence in some areas, especially among children, should be studied to determine whether a high incidence can be attributed to failure to vaccinate or vaccine failure. Third, though live attenuated and inactivated HepA vaccine showed similar effectiveness in protecting people [6], the ability of live attenuated HepA vaccine to shed virus and cause infections among susceptible individuals should be studied [32, 33]. Fourth, given that the evolution of HAV is consistent with laboratory and epidemiological evidence, it is critically important to study the seroprevalence of HAV in China to determine susceptible populations with increased likelihoods of HAV outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A in three socio-economic regions of China, 1990–2017

et al. 2019

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Background Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination and economic transitions can change the epidemiology of HepA. China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was known to be inversely associated with the incidence of HepA, but a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of HepA in different socio-economic regions is lacking. We compare the changing epidemiology of HepA in three socioeconomic-geographic regions of China. Methods We obtained data on all HepA cases reported through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and assessed trends and changes in age-specific incidence rates by age quartile and season. We categorized the country into three regions, the sequential years into five era, compared the incidence, quartile age, seasonal intensity and coverage of HepA of the three regions. Linear regression was performed to analyse trends in incidence of HepA and to analyse the association between coverage and incidence. Results The annual mean incidences of HepA in the eastern, central, and western regions decreased from 63.52/100 000, 50.57/100 000 and 46.39/100 000 in 1990–1992 to 1.18/100 000, 1.05/100 000 and 3.14/100 000 in 2012–2017, respectively. Decreases in incidence were seen in all age groups in the three regions; the incidence was highest (9.3/100 000) in the youngest age group (0–4 years) of the western region, while in the central region, the age group with the highest incidence changed from 0 to 9 years to adults ≥60 years old. In 2017, the median age of HepA cases was 43 years (Q1–Q3: 33–55), 47 years (Q1–Q3: 32–60) and 33 years (Q1–Q3: 9–52) in the eastern, central, and western provinces, respectively. Seasonal peaks became smaller or were nearly elimination nationwide, but seasonality persisted in some provinces. After the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) included HepA vaccine into the routine schedule in 2007, HepA coverage increased to > 80% in the three regions and was negatively association with the HepA incidence. Conclusion The incidence of HepA decreased markedly between 1990 and 2017. A socioeconomic inequity in coverage of HepA vaccine was almost eliminated after HepA vaccine was introduced into China’s EPI system, but inequity in incidence still existed in lower socio-economic developed region.

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“…The resultant effect of this is long-term protection, as demonstrated by seroprotection of up to 40 years using a modeling study [56]. Similarly, for live vaccines, this effect has been demonstrated for up to 17 years [57]. Furthermore, evidence from infectious diseases where live vaccines are used (e.g., measles, mumps and varicella) suggests multiple doses are recommended for adequate protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Burden of Hepatitis A in Adolescents and Adults and the Need for Long-Term Protection: A Review from the Indian Subcontinent

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis A, an acute inflammatory liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection from close contact with infected people, is highly endemic in the Indian subcontinent. Due to poor sanitary conditions, most of the population is exposed to the virus in childhood. At this age, the disease is asymptomatic and provides lifelong protection against the disease. Due to rapid socioeconomic development in some areas, however, pockets of the population are reaching adolescence/ adulthood without prior exposure to the virus and are thus susceptible to infection. At these ages, infection carries a higher risk of symptomatic disease and complications including mortality. This review of epidemiology and burden of disease studies in the Indian subcontinent, published since 2005, shows increasing evidence of a shift from high to intermediate endemicity in high-income-typically urban-populations. The prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies (previously reported at [ 90%) is lower now in adolescents and young adults (e.g., around 80% in Bangladesh and 55% in 5-15 years in India). As a result, HAV is responsible for more acute viral hepatitis predominantly in this age group (e.g., [ 15 years: 3.

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Immune memory at 17-years of follow-up of a single dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

The History of Hepatitis A

The History of Hepatitis A

Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A in three socio-economic regions of China, 1990–2017

Increasing Burden of Hepatitis A in Adolescents and Adults and the Need for Long-Term Protection: A Review from the Indian Subcontinent

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