Immune modulation of Prevotella intermedia colonization in squirrel monkeys

Abstract

Colonization of the gingival crevice by black-pigmented Porphyromonas or Prevotella spp. (BP/P), including Porphyromonas gingivalis (formerly Bacteroides gingivalis) and Prevotella intermnedia (formerly Bacteroides intermedius), is thought to be an important ecological event which may result in the destruction of connective tissues supporting the teeth. Theoretically, periodontal diseases could be prevented if these or other periodontal pathogenic microorganisms did not colonize the subgingival area. The humoral immune response is one mechanism which may modulate bacterial colonization in the gingival crevice. In the present study, we tested the effect of systemic humoral immunity on subgingival colonization by indigenous P. intermedia in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Animals rendered essentially free of detectable BP/P by a single scaling, 10 days of tetracycline therapy, and toothbrushing three times per week were immunized with P. intermedia 1447 or were sham immunized with phosphate-buffered saline. Subsequently, all oral hygiene procedures were discontinued and five teeth in one quadrant were ligated with bacterium-soaked suture material to facilitate BP/P colonization. Immunization resulted in a significant increase in the level of immunoglobulin G anti-P. intermedia antibody in serum. Two weeks after ligation was initiated, P. intermedia could be detected in five of six sham-immunized and three of six immunized animals. Immunization was associated with a reduction in the emergence of indigenous P. intermedia in the gingival crevice.

Influence of immunization on Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization and invasion in the mouse chamber model

“…Okuda et al (39) showed that peroral immunization with whole cells or s.c. immunization with purified P. gingivalis hemagglutinin could not eliminate the colonization of P. gingivalis in ligated hamsters. McArthur et al (32) demonstrated that immunization of squirrel monkeys with P. gingivalis or Prevotella internedia (formerly Bacteroides intermedius [7]) was associated with a significant reduction in the colonization of black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. Nisengard et al (37) reported that a heightened humoral response in monkeys to Bacteroides macacae (the monkey equivalent of the human species P. gingivalis) as a result of immunization caused a reduction in the subgingival recolonization of B. macacae.…”

Oral Microbial Ecology and the Role of Salivary Immunoglobulin A

“…Furthermore, the IgG antibodies may enhance phagocytosis and killing of oral microorganisms through activation of complement or opsonization (12,258,313,428). It has been demonstrated that systemic immunization of animals with periodontopathogens may reduce the colonization of these bacteria in the gingival crevice and reduce periodontal destruction (83,131,314,371). However, since periodontal diseases are of multifactorial origin, systemic immunization with periodontopathogens may also enhance the destruction of alveolar bone (67,122).…”

Iron overload induces apoptosis of murine preosteoblast cells via ROS and inhibition of AKT pathway

“…However, ferric ion destroys periodontal tissue with bacteria when periodontitis occurs. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) and Prevotella intermedia (P.i) are the main pathogenic bacteria (Clark et al , ; Mysak et al , ). Pi can secret hemagglutinin and hemolysin, which can cause an increase in the iron concentration in periodontal tissue by inducing red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and rupture (Guan et al , ).…”