Immune Modulatory Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Different Disease Conditions

Srivastava, Shivani; Pawar, Vishakha Anand; Tyagi, Anuradha; Sharma, Kanti Prakash; Kumar, Vinay; Shukla, Surendra K.

doi:10.3390/immuno3010001

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Our review identified several studies showing the ketogenic diet's anti-inflammatory effects. This is consistent with a review article published in 2022 by Srivastava et al This article found that the ketogenic diet has immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and is therefore beneficial in various chronic inflammatory diseases ranging from polycystic ovary syndrome to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and in our case, periodontitis ( 30 ). Similarly, our review contained studies that reported reductions in inflammatory markers in individuals following a ketogenic diet, which may contribute to improved periodontal health.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Role of ketogenic diet and its effect on the periodontium. A scoping review

Taher,

Salah,

Rammal

et al. 2024

Front. Oral. Health

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the ketogenic diet and periodontitis, as well as the nature of such relationship. Furthermore, emphasis was given to know whether ketogenic diet causes changes in oral health parameters and more specifically on periodontal health. Studies from 2010 to 2023 were reviewed and analyzed. Databases used to search included PubMed, Mednet, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase. The literature reviewed was limited to randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. Of the eight studies included, three studies found that diets with similarities to the ketone-based diet could have a significant positive impact on periodontal health. One study pointed to the potential positive effect of a diet such as keto, but no definitive conclusion could be made. The current body of evidence concluded that there may be a relationship between keto and periodontitis, although the evidence is not consistent. It can be implied, however, that it is a positive relationship as ketogenic diet has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing inflammatory markers found in many diseases, including periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Role of ketogenic diet and its effect on the periodontium. A scoping review

Taher,

Salah,

Rammal

et al. 2024

Front. Oral. Health

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“…Previous reports have found that a ketogenic diet is associated with an altered immune response ( 7 , 26 – 28 ). We analyzed serum cytokine expression in mice during Cryptococcus infection on a CD or KD diet at the study endpoint, 6 days post-inoculation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

A ketogenic diet enhances fluconazole efficacy in murine models of systemic fungal infection

Palmucci,

Sells,

Giamberardino

et al. 2024

mBio

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Invasive fungal infections are a significant public health concern, with mortality rates ranging from 20% to 85% despite current treatments. Therefore, we examined whether a ketogenic diet could serve as a successful treatment intervention in murine models of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans infection in combination with fluconazole—a low-cost, readily available antifungal therapy. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that promotes fatty acid oxidation as an alternative to glycolysis through the production of ketone bodies. In this series of experiments, mice fed a ketogenic diet prior to infection with C. neoformans and treated with fluconazole had a significant decrease in fungal burden in both the brain (mean 2.66 ± 0.289 log 10 reduction) and lung (mean 1.72 ± 0.399 log 10 reduction) compared to fluconazole treatment on a conventional diet. During C. albicans infection, kidney fungal burden of mice in the keto-fluconazole combination group was significantly decreased compared to fluconazole alone (2.37 ± 0.770 log 10 -reduction). Along with higher concentrations of fluconazole in the plasma and brain tissue, fluconazole efficacy was maximized at a significantly lower concentration on a keto diet compared to a conventional diet, indicating a dramatic effect on fluconazole pharmacodynamics. Our findings indicate that a ketogenic diet potentiates the effect of fluconazole at multiple body sites during both C. neoformans and C. albicans infection and could have practical and promising treatment implications. IMPORTANCE Invasive fungal infections cause over 2.5 million deaths per year around the world. Treatments for fungal infections are limited, and there is a significant need to develop strategies to enhance antifungal efficacy, combat antifungal resistance, and mitigate treatment side effects. We determined that a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet significantly potentiated the therapeutic effect of fluconazole, which resulted in a substantial decrease in tissue fungal burden of both C. neoformans and C. albicans in experimental animal models. We believe this work is the first of its kind to demonstrate that diet can dramatically influence the treatment of fungal infections. These results highlight a novel strategy of antifungal drug enhancement and emphasize the need for future investigation into dietary effects on antifungal drug activity.

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“…The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment had a role in the cancer vaccines’ inability to mediate sustained regression of tumors in several of the clinical investigations. According to preclinical and early clinical studies, monotherapy is less effective than combining chemotherapy or checkpoint blockade with therapeutic cancer vaccines [ 129 , 130 , 131 ]. Therapeutic cancer vaccines promote immune cells’ infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cytotoxic immune cell activation, whereas immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) stop and/or reverse the immune cells’ dysfunction [ 132 ].…”

Section: Cancer Vaccines In Combination Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Vaccines in the Immunotherapy Era: Promise and Potential

Verma,

Pawar,

Srivastava

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Therapeutic vaccines are a promising alternative for active immunotherapy for different types of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to prevent immune system responses that are not targeted at the tumors only, but also boost the anti-tumor immunity and promote regression or eradication of the malignancy without, or with minimal, adverse events. Clinical trial data have pushed the development of cancer vaccines forward, and the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the first therapeutic cancer vaccine. In the present review, we discuss the various types of cancer vaccines and different approaches for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, along with the current state of knowledge and future prospects. We also discuss how tumor-induced immune suppression limits the effectiveness of therapeutic vaccinations, and strategies to overcome this barrier to design efficacious, long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses in the generation of vaccines.

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Immune Modulatory Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Different Disease Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 170 publications

Role of ketogenic diet and its effect on the periodontium. A scoping review

Role of ketogenic diet and its effect on the periodontium. A scoping review

A ketogenic diet enhances fluconazole efficacy in murine models of systemic fungal infection

Cancer Vaccines in the Immunotherapy Era: Promise and Potential

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