Immune Regulation in Breast Cancer Metastasis and Immunotherapy

Abstract

There are signiicant alterations in the tumor surrounding stromal cells in addition to the cancer cells in tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can metastasize by acquiring the ability to escape immune control and surveillance. A decline in the ability of the immune cells to recognize and kill the tumor leads to tumor relapse or metastasis after primary treatment. Comprehensive review in this chapter will be conducted to further investigate into the mechanism of immune evasion in metastatic tumor microenvironment. The immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix protein/component, and their interaction will be reviewed and summarized. Breast cancer has not been previously viewed as a particularly immunogenic type of tumor. Nevertheless, immune parameters have been increasingly studied in breast cancer, and accumulating data show that they are relevant for the development and progression of this tumor type. Consequently, immunotherapies of breast cancer are now tested in diferent clinical trials. The prospect of immunotherapy in metastatic breast cancer will be introduced. The importance of host-targeted modulation/therapy will be increased in addition to cancer-targeted strategies. We have to beter deine subpopulations of breast cancer patients to optimize the immunological way to overcome the cancer metastasis.