Immune related adverse events and treatment discontinuation in patients older and younger than 75 years with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab

Patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors who had non-thyroid endocrine and skin immune-related adverse events have better prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of the included studies, 46 were retrospective ( 13 – 17 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 41 , 43 – 52 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 59 – 72 , 74 – 78 , 82 – 85 ), 13 were prospective ( 18 , 33 , 36 – 38 , 40 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 73 , 79 – 81 ) (including four studies that extracted data from clinical trials ( 18 , 33 , 73 , 79 )), and one included both retrospective and prospective data ( 42 ). All included studies assessed the relationship between the presence of irAEs and prognosis (12 of them examined the effect of irAE grades ( 14 , 37 , 45 , 57 , 58 , 68 , 71 , 73 , 76 , 82 , 84 , 85 )), 18 studies assessed endocrine irAEs (any, thyroiditis, or hypophysitis) ( 32 , 34 , 44 , 46 – 48 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 68 – 70 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 81 , 85 ), five assessed pulmonary irAEs ( 32 , 34 , 46 ...…”

Predicting immune‐related adverse events using a simplified frailty score in cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study

“…12,[14][15][16][17]24,25 Although age has been investigated as a potential factor associated with increased risk for IRAEs 15 such an association has not been observed in pivotal randomized trials 25 nor in real-world evidence studies. 14,16,17,24 In line with these studies, age alone was not associated with development of IRAEs or discontinuation of therapy in our study.…”

“…Considering that age, the presence of comorbidities, and PS are well-established factors associated with lower tolerance for chemotherapy [21][22][23] these factors have also been studied separately in cancer patients receiving CPIs. 12,[14][15][16][17]24,25 Although age has been investigated as a potential factor associated with increased risk for IRAEs 15 such an association has not been observed in pivotal randomized trials 25 nor in real-world evidence studies. 14,16,17,24 In line with these studies, age alone was not associated with development of IRAEs or discontinuation of therapy in our study.…”

“…[11][12][13][14] Age has also been investigated as a potential predictive factor for IRAEs where older patients were found to be at higher risk of experiencing IRAEs in one study 15 but not in others. 14,16,17 The simplified frailty score is an easy-to-use tool primarily developed from a cohort of transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma to reflect patients' frailty and is based on three variables including PS, CCI, and age. Its prognostic significance has been validated [18][19][20] whereas a potential predictive role for risk of chemotherapy induced severe adverse events has also been suggested.…”

“…Given the advantages of using well‐established tools in clinical practice, both performance status (PS) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) have been investigated as potential predictive factors for the development of IRAEs with conflicting results 11–14 . Age has also been investigated as a potential predictive factor for IRAEs where older patients were found to be at higher risk of experiencing IRAEs in one study 15 but not in others 14,16,17 …”