Immune-related health-relevant changes in natural populations of Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769): White blood cell counts, leukocyte activity, and peripheral organ infiltration

Kataranovski, Milena; Radović, Dušica L.; Zolotarevski, Lidija; Popov, Aleksandra; Kataranovski, Dragan

doi:10.2298/abs0902213k

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…No difference was observed in absolute internal organ (lung, liver and kidney) mass between wild-caught and laboratory rats. In line with our previous small-scale study (Kataranovski et al 2009b), histological analysis of organs of 89 randomly selected wild-caught rats (47 females and 42 males) demonstrated that all but 1 individual (98.9%) had evidence of tissue changes and/or signs of immune/inflammatory activity in tissue. Changes in liver were detected in 57.3% of wild rats and included acidophilic or vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates (either in focuses or in diffuse pattern of infiltration), microapscesses as well as prominent Kupffer cells.…”

Section: General Morphometric Histoanatomical and Physiological Datasupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Automated analysis of hematological parameters similar to our previous data obtained by blood smears analysis of small numbers of wild rats (Kataranovski et al 2009b) showed no differences in total peripheral blood leukocyte numbers (Table 1). Great variation in differential leukocyte numbers was evident, which resulted in lack of statistical significance between wild and laboratory individuals.…”

Section: General Morphometric Histoanatomical and Physiological Datasupporting

confidence: 83%

“…No correlation was observed between total gastrointestinal helminth, nematode or cestode infection intensity and spleen size. We also observed a wide range of total and differential num-bers of peripheral blood leukocytes in wild Norway rats by blood smear analysis but without statistical differences (Kataranovski et al 2009b). However, nearly 30% of wild rats had higher numbers of total blood leukocyte or leukocyte differential counts (sporadically with signs of activation such as aggregability or cellular reactive oxygen burst) and coincidence was observed between chronic pulmonary and kidney disease and those leukocyte changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In rats with no changes in peripheral blood leukocytes, signs of inflammatory activity of various intensity in lungs were noted as well, and included interstitial widening and leukocyte infiltration as well as peribronchial and perivascular leukocyte infiltration. Interstitial leukocyte infiltration was observed in kidneys of these animals (Kataranovski et al 2009b). Although carried out on not particularly large numbers of rats, that study pointed to internal organs as sites of local immune-based activity, an aspect not addressed previously in wild-caught rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Immune defense of wild-caught Norway rats is characterized by increased levels of basal activity but reduced capability to respond to further immune stimulation

Mirkov

Aleksandrov

Subota

et al. 2018

Integrative Zoology

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Studies of wild animals' immunity often use comparison with laboratory-raised individuals. Using such an approach, various data were obtained concerning wild Norway rat's immunity. Lower or higher potential of immune system cells to respond to activation stimuli were shown, because of analysis of disparate parameters and/ or small number of analyzed individuals. Inconsistent differences between laboratory and wild rats were shown too, owing to great response variability in wild rats. We hypothesized that wild rats will express more intense immune activity compared to their laboratory counterparts which live in a less demanding environment. To test this, we analyzed the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), a mediator which has a central role in host immune defense. In addition, we examined the activity of the central immune organ, the spleen, including cell proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), which are major effectors of cellular adaptive immune response. In order to obtain reasonable insight into the immunity of wild Norway rats, analysis was conducted on a much larger number of individuals compared to other studies. Higher levels of plasma IL-6, higher spleen mass, cellularity and basal IFN-γ production concomitantly with lower basal production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) revealed more intense immune activity in the wild compared to laboratory rats. However, lower responsiveness of their spleen cells' proinflammatory cytokine production to concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation, along with preserved capacity of IL-10 response, might be perceived as an indication of wild rats' reduced capability to cope with incoming environmental stimuli, but also as a means to limit tissue damage.

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Section: General Morphometric Histoanatomical and Physiological Datasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: General Morphometric Histoanatomical and Physiological Datasupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immune defense of wild-caught Norway rats is characterized by increased levels of basal activity but reduced capability to respond to further immune stimulation

Mirkov

Aleksandrov

Subota

et al. 2018

Integrative Zoology

Self Cite

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“…However, the picture of T cell maturation was complicated, with wild rats having higher proportions of immature CD4 + CD8 + double-positive peripheral T cells, but lower proportions of immature CD90 + CD4 + T cells, and higher proportions of CD59 + CD8 + cells (a marker involved in complement regulation) ( 22 ). Two other studies showed relatively small differences in the composition of peripheral ( 21 ) and splenic ( 19 ) mononuclear cells among wild and laboratory rats. Similarly, concentrations of circulating cytokines and chemokines were, overall, not different between wild and laboratory rats and for those that did differ (5 of 23 measured), the laboratory rats had higher cytokine concentrations than the wild rats ( 22 ).…”

Section: Immune Function In Wild Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Immunology of Wild Rodents: Current Status and Future Prospects

Viney

Riley

2017

Front. Immunol.

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Wild animals’ immune responses contribute to their evolutionary fitness. These responses are moulded by selection to be appropriate to the actual antigenic environment in which the animals live, but without imposing an excessive energetic demand which compromises other component of fitness. But, exactly what these responses are, and how they compare with those of laboratory animals, has been little studied. Here, we review the very small number of published studies of immune responses of wild rodents, finding general agreement that their humoral (antibody) responses are highly elevated when compared with those of laboratory animals, and that wild rodents’ cellular immune system reveals extensive antigenic exposure. In contrast, proliferative and cytokine responses of ex vivo-stimulated immune cells of wild rodents are typically depressed compared with those of laboratory animals. Collectively, these responses are appropriate to wild animals’ lives, because the elevated responses reflect the cumulative exposure to infection, while the depressed proliferative and cytokine responses are indicative of effective immune homeostasis that minimizes immunopathology. A more comprehensive understanding of the immune ecology of wild animals requires (i) understanding the antigenic load to which wild animals are exposed, and identification of any key antigens that mould the immune repertoire, (ii) identifying immunoregulatory processes of wild animals and the events that induce them, and (iii) understanding the actual resource state of wild animals, and the immunological consequences that flow from this. Together, by extending studies of wild rodents, particularly addressing these questions (while drawing on our immunological understanding of laboratory animals), we will be better able to understand how rodents’ immune responses contribute to their fitness in the wild.

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The performance of survival and immunity of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juvenile infected by Aeromonas hydrophila after treated by prebiotic extract in the diet

Prayitno

Riyadi

Sarjito

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Herb/plant can act as a prebiotic. Red ginger has long known as an anti-inflamation and anti-oxidant. Similarly, moringa leaf is also known as herbal antibiotic. In the recent years, the use of natural ingredients to stimulate immune system and to combat fish disease in aquaculture becoming a favourable choice. The aims of this research was to observe the red ginger and moringa leaf extractin the diet to the performance of catfish infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Experimental laboratory using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replication used in this study. The treatments were mixture of (A) 500 ppm and 0 ppm, (B) 375 ppm and 150 ppm, (C) 250 ppm and 300 ppm, (D) 125 ppm and 450 ppm, (E) 0 ppm and 600 ppm, (F) 0 ppm and 0 ppm mixture of red ginger and moringa leaf extract respectively. One hundred and eighty catfish juvenile were reared in 18 aquarium. They were fed with various concentration of prebiotic mixture for 14 days. They were infected with 1 mL A. hydrophila at 1.2 105cell/cc intramuscularly and observed for 10 days for their survival and immune response. Results showed that addition of red ginger and moringa leaf extract significantly improve the immunity of catfish. The addition of moringa leaf extract at 600 ppm was significantly improved survival rate, phagocytosis activities, leucocyte, lymphocytes count compared to other prebiotic mixtures. Thus, the usage of 600 ppm moringa leaf extract in the diet provided the best performance to catfish.

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Immune-related health-relevant changes in natural populations of Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769): White blood cell counts, leukocyte activity, and peripheral organ infiltration

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Immune defense of wild-caught Norway rats is characterized by increased levels of basal activity but reduced capability to respond to further immune stimulation

Immune defense of wild-caught Norway rats is characterized by increased levels of basal activity but reduced capability to respond to further immune stimulation

The Immunology of Wild Rodents: Current Status and Future Prospects

The performance of survival and immunity of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juvenile infected by Aeromonas hydrophila after treated by prebiotic extract in the diet

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