Immune response and expression analysis of cathepsin K in goldfish during Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Harikrishnan, Ramasamy; Kim, Man-Chul; Kim, Ju-Sang; Han, Yan; Jang, Ik-Soo; Balasundaram, Chellam; Heo, Moon‐Soo

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2009.12.005

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Hence, the differential expression of cathepsins F, La, and Hb in S. schlegelii muscle may be related to muscle degradation in fish. On the other hand, Ss CTSK was widely expressed in all of the examined tissues, with higher expression levels observed in the spleen, head kidney, gill, and skin, consistent with previous studies in turbot [ 23 , 43 , 44 ]. There are two copies of CTSH in S. schlegelii .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Patterns of Cathepsin Superfamily in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) following Aeromonas salmonicida Infection

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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Cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the papain family and play crucial roles in intracellular protein degradation/turnover, hormone maturation, antigen processing, and immune responses. In the present study, 18 cathepsins were systematically identified from the fish S. schlegelii genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that cathepsin superfamilies are categorized into eleven major clusters. Synteny and genome organization analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication led to the expansion of S. schlegelii cathepsins. Evolutionary rate analyses indicated that the lowest Ka/Ks ratios were observed in CTSBa (0.13) and CTSBb (0.14), and the highest Ka/Ks ratios were observed in CTSZa (1.97) and CTSZb (1.75). In addition, cathepsins were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with high expression levels observed in the gill, intestine, head kidney, and spleen. Additionally, most cathepsins were differentially expressed in the head kidney, gill, spleen, and liver following Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and their expression signatures showed tissue-specific and time-dependent patterns. Finally, protein–protein interaction network (PPI) analyses revealed that cathepsins are closely related to a few immune-related genes, such as interleukins, chemokines, and TLR genes. These results are expected to be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of cathepsins in fish species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Patterns of Cathepsin Superfamily in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) following Aeromonas salmonicida Infection

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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“…However, two other genes in MHC for the H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen and the H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen and three genes for cathepsin S-like, cathepsin K-like, and cathepsin L1 were down-regulated in both pathways of phagosomes and antigen processing and presentation. Cathepsins are proteases responsible for lysosome protein degradation and are widely distributed among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, in which cathespins play an immune function in fish and other vertebrates (Harikrishnan et al, 2010 ; Sansri et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). The decreased expression of cathepsin genes indicated a reduction in lysosome degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Long-Term Hypersaline Stress

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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The fish brain plays an important role in controlling growth, development, reproduction, and adaptation to environmental change. However, few studies stem from the perspective of whole transcriptome change in a fish brain and its response to long-term hypersaline stress. This study compares the differential transcriptomic responses of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) maintained for 8 weeks in brackish water (16 practical salinity units, psu) and in freshwater. Fish brains from each treatment were collected for RNA-seq analysis to identify potential genes and pathways responding to hypersaline stress. A total of 27,089 genes were annotated, and 391 genes were expressed differently in the salinity treatment. Ten pathways containing 40 differentially expressed genes were identified in the tilapia brain. Antigen processing and presentation and phagosome were the two principally affected pathways in the immune system. Thirty-one of 40 genes were involved in various expressions associated with environmental information processing pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which are the upstream pathways for modulation of immunity and osmoregulation. The most-changed genes (>5-fold) were all down-regulated, including four growth hormone/prolactin gene families, i.e., prolactin precursor (−10.62), prolactin-1 (−11), somatotropin (−10.15), somatolactin-like (−6.18), and two other genes [thyrotropin subunit beta (−7.73) and gonadotropin subunit beta-2 (−5.06)] that stimulated prolactin release in tilapia. The downregulation pattern of these genes corroborates the decrease in tilapia immunity with increasing salinity and reveals an adaptive mechanism of tilapia to long-term hypersaline stress. Ovarian steroidogenesis, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism are the three important pathways in the response of the fish to long-term hypersaline stress. This study has identified several pathways and relevant genes that are involved in salinity regulation in a euryhaline fish and provides insight into understanding regulatory mechanisms of fish to salinity change.

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“…The fish immune response is highly correlated with innate and adaptive immune components, such as the complement system, ACP, LZ, antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulins, which have important roles against infectious organisms (Harikrishnan et al, 2010). Inflammatory cytokines, including proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, could modulate immune function in fish under pathogenic bacterial infection (Song et al, 2014; You et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary pyridoxine on the skin immunity, tight junctions, antioxidants and apoptosis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) infected withAeromonas hydrophila

Zheng

Jiang

Feng

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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In this study, fish were fed six diets containing different levels of pyridoxine (PN) for 10 weeks, and then infected with Aeromonas hydrophila for 2 weeks. The results showed that dietary supplementation with PN had a powerful effect on the inhibition of skin haemorrhage and lesion morbidity, and the enhancement of immunity after fish were infected with A. hydrophila. For example, PN increased the levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), acid phosphatase (ACP), complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZ), C4, antimicrobial peptides, target of rapamycin (TOR), anti‐inflammatory cytokines, ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 (S6K1) and inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), while decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines [except interleukin‐12 p40 (IL‐12p40)], eIF4E‐binding proteins (4E‐BP), IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF‐κBp65) in grass carp skin. Additionally, dietary supplementation with PN increased the levels of tight junction proteins (not claudin‐15 and claudin‐12), antioxidant enzymes [except manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity and gene expression, glutathione peroxidase 4a (GPx4a) and GPx4b gene expression], NF‐E2‐related Factor 2 (Nrf2), myeloid cell leukaemia‐1 (Mcl‐1) and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP), while decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl (PC), Kelch‐like ECH‐associating protein 1a (Keap1a) myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), cysteinyl aspartic acid protease‐9 (caspase‐9), caspase‐8, caspase‐7, caspase‐3, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and apoptotic protease‐activating factor 1 (Apaf‐1) in grass carp skin. In summary, dietary PN can enhance the immunity of fish skin via elevated immune substances, an eased inflammatory response and an improved barrier integrity.

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Immune response and expression analysis of cathepsin K in goldfish during Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Patterns of Cathepsin Superfamily in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) following Aeromonas salmonicida Infection

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Patterns of Cathepsin Superfamily in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) following Aeromonas salmonicida Infection

Brain Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Long-Term Hypersaline Stress

Effects of dietary pyridoxine on the skin immunity, tight junctions, antioxidants and apoptosis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) infected withAeromonas hydrophila

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