Immune Response and Possible Causes of CD4+T-cell Depletion in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - 1 Infection

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139

161

Metal ions such as iron and copper are among the key nutrients that must be provided by dietary sources. In developing countries, there is an enormous contribution of human activities to the release of toxic chemicals, metals and metalloids into the atmosphere. These toxic metals are accumulated in the dietary articles of man. Numerous foodstuffs have been evaluated for their contributions to the recommended daily allowance both to guide for satisfactory intake and also to prevent over exposure. Further, food chain polluted with toxic metals and metalloids is an important route of human exposure and may cause several dangerous effects on human. In this review we summarized effects of various toxic metals on human health.

Section: Modes Of Exposure To Toxicantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Toxic Metals on Human Health

Mudgal¹,

Madaan²,

Mudgal³

et al. 2010

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139

161

“…This improvement is associated with suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines in these patients. The cellular immune responses, particularly specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are significant in the host response to HIV -1 infection [15]. It has been observed that CTL develop quite early in acute HIV -1 infection, coincident with a rapid fall in plasma virus load, whereas in chronic infection their levels are inversely related to viral load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal of Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Antigen by Treatment with Nutraceuticals (OMEGA QGEL)

Singh¹

2013

“…There is evidence that South Asians have an increased susceptibility to oral cancer even at younger age, which may be due to interaction of gene and nutraceutical environment. Oncologists have straightforwardly followed the old saying that: necessity is the principal mother of an invention [40,[47][48][49]. The desire to be more precise and comprehensive in their studies has led to the invention of some of the most innovative techniques such as proteomics, comparative genomic hybridization, microar-rays, nanobiotechnology etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Molecular Biological Studies on Oral Cancer: An Overview

Mishra¹

2011

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Oral cancer is the cancerous tissue growth located in the oral cavity. It may arise as a primary lesion originating in any of the oral tissues, by metastasis from a distant site of origin, or by extension from a neighboring anatomic structure, such as the nasal cavity or the maxillary sinus. Smoking and other tobacco use are associated with about 75 percent of oral cancer cases. Alcohol use is another high-risk activity associated with oral cancer. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly type 16 (there are over 120 types), is a known risk factor and independent causative factor for oral cancer. Oncogenes, gain-of-function mutations of highly regulated normal cellular counterparts (proto-oncogenes), are likely involved in the initiation and progression of oral neoplasia. Cellular oncogenes were initially discovered by the ability of tumor cell DNA to induce transformation in gene transfer assays. Mechanisms of activation of these cellular oncogenes include point mutations and DNA re-arrangements. Several of these cellular oncogenes are homologs of retroviral oncogenes (e.g., the ras genes); others are new oncogenes. Tumor suppressor genes or anti-oncogenes have been documented to confer potent negative regulatory controls which are lost due to chromosomal alterations during tumor formation. Functional loss of multiple tumor suppressor genes is believed to be the major event leading to the development of malignancy. Treatment is done till date with the help of radiation therapy, considering the removal of tumor which proceeds with the surgery. Chemotherapy is also used but not to a wide extent and that too has to be done with radiation and research work is still going on the drug discovery for this disease, hence looking towards this fact we opted for the work in this area looking into the successful way of the treatment for oral cancer. The present review is compilation of the data pertaining to biochemistry and molecular biology of oral carcinoma and would certainly provide new insights to explore the development of nutraceuticals based on the hypothesis projected by future studies on computational biotechnology of oral carcinoma.