Immune response to vaccines based upon the VapA protein of the horse pathogen, Rhodococcus equi, in a murine model

Vanniasinkam, Thiru; Barton, Mary; Heuzenroeder, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.09.011

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An increase in VapA specific antibody post challenge has been seen in R . equi vaccine studies conducted in mice elsewhere[ 26 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…equi vaccine candidates based upon the traditional vaccine platforms such as live[ 22 ], killed [ 23 , 24 ] and attenuated [ 25 ] have not been successful. Modern molecular based vaccines for example DNA[ 26 , 27 ], subunit [ 28 ] and genetically attenuated R . equi [ 29 , 30 ], have shown some potential, however, these vaccines have not conferred protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Adenoviral Vector Based Vaccine for Rhodococcus equi

et al. 2016

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Rhodococcus equi is a respiratory pathogen which primarily infects foals and is endemic on farms around the world with 50% mortality and 80% morbidity in affected foals. Unless detected early and treated appropriately the disease can be fatal. Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent this disease. For decades researchers have endeavoured to develop an effective vaccine to no avail. In this study a novel human adenoviral vector vaccine for R. equi was developed and tested in the mouse model. This vaccine generated a strong antibody and cytokine response and clearance of R. equi was demonstrated following challenge. These results show that this vaccine could potentially be developed further for use as a vaccine to prevent R. equi disease in foals.

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“…An increase in VapA specific antibody post challenge has been seen in R . equi vaccine studies conducted in mice elsewhere[ 26 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adenoviral Vector Based Vaccine for Rhodococcus equi

et al. 2016

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“…A DNA vaccine candidate using a vapA positive pcDNA3 plasmid vector produced moderate immunity and a clear IgG2a response in the murine model. Upon challenge with live virulent R. equi there was no enhanced clearance of the bacteria in vaccinated mice [70]. In addition a similar candidate also using a vapA positive pcDNA3.1 plasmid vector produced an enhanced immune response in mice to R. equi, again with a good IgG2a response and a poor liver clearance [77].…”

Section: Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deoxyribonucleic acid and plasmid‐based vaccines have been shown to induce a mild cell‐mediated and humoral immune response in both mice and foals ; however, some studies have had conflicting results and a candidate vaccine is yet to progress to a more substantial large scale trial. See Table for details of DNA vaccines.…”

Section: Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi (Prescottella equi)vaccines; the future of vaccine development

Giles

Vanniasinkam

Ndi

et al. 2014

Equine Veterinary Journal

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For decades researchers have been targeting prevention of Rhodococcus equi (Rhodococcus hoagui/Prescottella equi) by vaccination and the horse breeding industry has supported the ongoing efforts by researchers to develop a safe and cost effective vaccine to prevent disease in foals. Traditional vaccines including live, killed and attenuated (physical and chemical) vaccines have proved to be ineffective and more modern molecular-based vaccines including the DNA plasmid, genetically attenuated and subunit vaccines have provided inadequate protection of foals. Newer, bacterial vector vaccines have recently shown promise for R. equi in the mouse model. This article describes the findings of key research in R. equi vaccine development and looks at alternative methods that may potentially be utilised.

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“…Among bacterial diseases, DNA vaccines have been generated to protect the foals from Rhodococcus equi, which causes pyogranulomatous broncho-pneumonia. Nucleic acid vaccine, expressing the virulence associated protein (VapA) gene of R. equi, induced an anamnestic response and has been found capable in generating specific IgG antibodies (Vanniasinkam et al 2005).…”

Section: Applications Of Nucleic Acid Vaccines In Veterinary Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

DNA vaccines and their applications in veterinary practice: current perspectives

et al. 2008

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Inoculation of plasmid DNA, encoding an immunogenic protein gene of an infectious agent, stands out as a novel approach for developing new generation vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases of animals. The potential of DNA vaccines to act in presence of maternal antibodies, its stability and cost effectiveness and the non-requirement of cold chain have heightened the prospects. Even though great strides have been made in nucleic acid vaccination, still there are many areas that need further research for its wholesome practical implementation. Major areas of concern are vaccine delivery, designing of suitable vectors and cytotoxic T cell responses. Also, the induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines is inconclusive due to the lack of knowledge regarding the concentration of the protein expressed in vivo. Alternative delivery systems having higher transfection efficiency and the use of cytokines, as immunomodulators, needs to be further explored. Recently, efforts are being made to modulate and prolong the active life of dendritic cells, in order to make antigen presentation a more efficacious one. For combating diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), influenza, malaria and tuberculosis in humans; and foot and mouth disease, Aujesky's disease, swine fever, rabies, canine distemper and brucellosis in animals, DNA vaccine clinical trials are underway. This review highlights the salient features of DNA vaccines, and measures to enhance their efficacy so as to devise an effective and novel vaccination strategy against animal diseases.

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Immune response to vaccines based upon the VapA protein of the horse pathogen, Rhodococcus equi, in a murine model

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

An Adenoviral Vector Based Vaccine for Rhodococcus equi

An Adenoviral Vector Based Vaccine for Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi (Prescottella equi)vaccines; the future of vaccine development

DNA vaccines and their applications in veterinary practice: current perspectives

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