Immune responses following neonatal vaccination with conserved F4 fragment of VtaA proteins from virulent Glaesserella parasuis adjuvanted with CAF®01 or CDA

López-Serrano, Sergi; Mahmmod, Yasser S.; Christensen, Dennis; Ebensen, Thomas; Guzmán, Carlos A.; Rodrı́guez, Fernando; Segalés, Joaquím; Aragón, Virginia

doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100330

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

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Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis

Obregon-Gutierrez,

Mahmmod,

Barba-Vidal

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Vaccination stands as one of the most sustainable and promising strategies to control infectious diseases in animal production. Nevertheless, the causes for antibody response variation among individuals are poorly understood. The animal microbiota has shown to be involved in the correct development and function of the host immunity, including the antibody response. Here, we studied the nasal and rectal microbiota composition and the association with the antibody response against the pathobiont Glaesserella parasuis. We sampled the nasal and rectal microbiota of 24 piglets before vaccination (two farms) and at similar time in an unvaccinated farm (naturally exposed to the pathobiont). Microbiota composition was inferred by v3v4 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The antibody response to either vaccination or natural exposure to G. parasuis was measured by ELISA and the variation between the levels before and after vaccination (normalized per farm) was used in the analyses. Results Piglets with higher antibody responses showed more diverse microbial communities compared to piglets with lower responses. Moreover, we were able to associate swine nasal core microbiota colonizers with higher antibody levels, such as several members from Bacteroidales and Clostridiales orders and genera including Moraxella, Staphylococcus, Fusobacterium and Neisseria. Regarding taxa found in the rectal microbiota, only associations at order level were detected with antibody responses pointing towards a positive role for Clostridialeswhile negative for Enterobacteriales. Conclusions Altogether, these results suggest that the microbiota is associated with the antibody response to G. parasuis (and probably to other pathogens) and serves as starting point to understand the factors that contribute to immunization in pigs.

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Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis

Obregon-Gutierrez,

Mahmmod,

Barba-Vidal

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization of Glaesserella parasuis Isolates Recovered from Spanish Swine Farms

González-Fernández,

Mencía-Ares,

García-Iglesias

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, is present in most pig farms as an early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. It exhibits remarkable variability in virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with virulent strains capable of inducing respiratory or systemic disease. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and the AMR profiles in 65 G. parasuis isolates recovered from Spanish swine farms. Virulence was assessed using multiplex leader sequence (LS)-PCR targeting vtaA genes, with all isolates identified as clinical (presumed virulent). Pathotyping based on ten pangenome genes revealed the virulent HPS_22970 as the most frequent (83.1%). Diverse pathotype profiles were observed, with 29 unique gene combinations and two isolates carrying only potentially non-virulent pangenome genes. AMR phenotyping showed widespread resistance, with 63.3% classified as multidrug resistant, and high resistance to clindamycin (98.3%) and tylosin (93.3%). A very strong association was found between certain pathotype genes and AMR phenotypes, notably between the virulent HPS_22970 and tetracycline resistance (p < 0.001; Φ = 0.58). This study reveals the wide diversity and complexity of G. parasuis pathogenicity and AMR phenotype, emphasizing the need for the targeted characterization of clinical isolates to ensure appropriate antimicrobial treatments and the implementation of prophylactic measures against virulent strains.

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Recent Advances in the Development of Mincle-Targeting Vaccine Adjuvants

Weth,

Dangerfield,

Timmer

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), which has shown much promise as a molecular target for the development of TH1/TH17-skewing vaccine adjuvants. In 2009, the first non-proteinaceous Mincle ligands, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and trehalose dibehenate (TDB), were identified. This prompted a search for other Mincle agonists and the exploration of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic (anti-cancer) vaccines. In this review, we discuss those classes of Mincle agonists that have been explored for their adjuvant potential. These Mincle agonists have been used as stand-alone adjuvants or in combination with other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or immunomodulatory agents. We will also highlight recently identified Mincle ligands with hitherto unknown adjuvanticity. Conjugate vaccines that contain covalently linked adjuvants and/or adjuvant–antigen combinations are also presented, as well as the different formulations (e.g., oil-in-water emulsions, liposomes, and particulate delivery systems) that have been used for the codelivery of antigens and adjuvants. Insofar the reader is presented with a thorough review of the potential of Mincle-mediated vaccine adjuvants, including historical context, present-day research and clinical trials, and outstanding research questions, such as the role of ligand presentation and Mincle clustering, which, if better understood, will aid in the development of the much-needed TH1/TH17-skewing vaccine adjuvants.

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Immune responses following neonatal vaccination with conserved F4 fragment of VtaA proteins from virulent Glaesserella parasuis adjuvanted with CAF®01 or CDA

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis

Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization of Glaesserella parasuis Isolates Recovered from Spanish Swine Farms

Recent Advances in the Development of Mincle-Targeting Vaccine Adjuvants

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