Immune Responses in Human Infections with Brugia malayi: Correlation of Cellular and Humoral Reactions to Microfilarial Antigens with Clinical Status *

Piessens, Willy F.; McGreevy, P. B.; Ratiwayanto, Sutanti; McGreevy, M.; Piessens, P W; Koiman, Iskak; Saroso, J. Sulianti; Dennis, David T.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.563

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…These responses are different from those in patients with lymphedema/elephantiasis (mixed Th1/Th2 response) and infection-free endemic normal (EN) persons (predominant Th1 response to parasite antigen). The occurrence of filarial parasite-associated modulation of the immune response in microfilaremic patients is supported by extensive clinical (35,38,41) and animal (27) data. To date, however, no single mechanism can explain the modulatory effects of filarial infection in patients with patent infection.…”

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confidence: 90%

Diminished Monocyte Function in Microfilaremic Patients with Lymphatic Filariasis and Its Relationship to Altered Lymphoproliferative Responses

et al. 2005

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Antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness to filarial antigens is a phenomenon observed in patent infection with lymph-dwelling filarial parasites of humans. This phenomenon has been attributed to a multitude of factors, one of which is altered monocyte function. To examine the role played by monocytes in filarial infection, we assessed the responses of monocytes obtained from normal and filarial parasite-infected individuals to both crude filarial antigen and purified recombinant filarial antigen WbSXP-1 and attempted to relate these to the altered lymphoproliferative responses seen in filarial infection. Monocytes from microfilaremic (MF) patients demonstrated an inability to respond to lipopolysaccharide compared to monocytes from endemic normal persons or from lymphedema patients. Indeed, interleukin 1␤ (IL-1␤) production was severely limited, a finding that did not extend to monocyte responses to filarial antigens. Serum from MF patients reduced adherence and spreading of normal monocytes, a finding not seen with serum from the other clinical groups. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the production of IL-1␤ and adherence. Moreover, the levels of spontaneous production of IL-1␤ correlated with high levels of spontaneous secretion of IL-10. The effects observed were not a result of diminished viability or alteration in the expression of the cell surface markers CD14 and HLA-DR. These data suggest that monocyte function is dampened in MF patients, a finding which could alter lymphoproliferative responses during patent infection.Understanding the induction of differentiated T-cell responses in helminth infections has been a major goal for parasite immunologists. The source of cytokines involved in the skewing of T-cell responses in helminth infections has been of particular interest, as the cytokine microenvironment is considered to be the most important factor influencing the differentiation of naive T cells and the generation of immunoregulatory cells (1,30,31,36,37). Among individuals with human lymphatic filariasis, those with patent infection (microfilaremic or antigenemic) exhibit parasite antigen-specific down-regulation of T-cell proliferation and gamma interferon production. These responses are different from those in patients with lymphedema/elephantiasis (mixed Th1/Th2 response) and infection-free endemic normal (EN) persons (predominant Th1 response to parasite antigen). The occurrence of filarial parasite-associated modulation of the immune response in microfilaremic patients is supported by extensive clinical (35,38,41) and animal (27) data. To date, however, no single mechanism can explain the modulatory effects of filarial infection in patients with patent infection.The induction and maintenance of Th2-type immune responses are based largely on studies with murine models showing that antigen affinity for the T-cell receptor (6), the dose or route by which antigen is administered (11,14), costimulatory molecule interactions (32, 49), the prevailing in vivo cytokine milieu (45),...

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confidence: 90%

Diminished Monocyte Function in Microfilaremic Patients with Lymphatic Filariasis and Its Relationship to Altered Lymphoproliferative Responses

et al. 2005

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“…In the absence of these or other peculiarities, however, a general pattern of infection is observed in many endemic areas. Patent microfilaremia is first detected in 5 to 10 year olds, the prevalence ranging from <10% in regions where transmission is low to >20% where transmission is intense (e.g., some rural areas of Papua New Guinea) (20,21,66,115 The most consistent finding of studies conducted in several endemic areas is marked suppression of cell-mediated immunity to mitogens (110) and filarial antigens (109,112). This phenomenon has been reported in both bancroftian and brugian filariasis and has been demonstrated reproducibly as a reduction in in vitro T-lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to crude parasite extracts.…”

Section: Vector-parasite Relationships Arthropod Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Individuals with these severe disease manifestations are usually amicrofilaremic, although microfilaremia may persist in persons living in areas where transmission is intense. Persons with these severe disease manifestations tend to have relatively high antimicrofilarial antibody titers (85) and vigorous lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens derived from adult-stage parasites (110).…”

Section: Vector-parasite Relationships Arthropod Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory aspects of filariasis

Nanduri

Kazura

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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Human filarial infections afflict over 150 million persons worldwide and are major causes of morbidity in many developing countries. Onchocerca volvulus infection is a leading preventable cause of blindness, while bancroftian and brugian filariasis may produce lymphatic obstruction of the genitalia and extremities (elephantiasis). Definitive diagnosis of these helminthic infections currently depends on demonstration of microfilariae in host tissues, i.e., the skin in the case of O. volvulus and the bloodstream in the cases of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Many investigations are now directed at developing specific and sensitive serum antigen assays that will allow diagnosis of active infection (i.e., presence of adult-stage parasites) in the absence of detectable microfilariae. With respect to the immunology of these parasitic infections, efforts are being directed at elucidating the role of T- and B-cell responses in the development of pathologic lesions and resistance to reinfection. These data as well as molecular biologic approaches to identify and study filarial molecules which are immunogenic are discussed. Finally, since treatment of filariases at present depends on antiparasitic drugs, the clinical indications and dosages of diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin are summarized.

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“…Este fato deve estar relacionado com o tipo e intensidade de resposta imune antifilarial 19 . Um grupo particularmente interessante neste contexto refere-se ao denominado endêmicos normais, indivíduos que apesar da constante exposição à doença são amicrofilarêmicos, assintomáticos e negativos para os testes de captura de antígenos circulantes.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Perfil protéico e reconhecimento antigênico de extratos de larvas infectantes (L3) de Wuchereria bancrofti

Miranda

Maciel

Souza

et al. 2005

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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RESUMO A caracterização protéica dos extratos de larvas infectantes (L3) de Wuchereria bancrofti foi realizada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, em presença de dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) e o reconhecimento antigênico das proteínas por Western-blot. O maior número de bandas protéicas reconhecidas foi evidenciado nos extratos AgSE (105, 100, 76, 55, 49, 39 e 32 kDa) e AgS (100, 76, 55, e 49 kDa) (105, 100, 76, 55, 49, 39 and 32 kDa) A filariose linfática é causada pelo nematóide Wuchereria bancrofti e é transmitida ao homem pelo mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. A forma evolutiva do parasita de maior importância no contexto imunológico é a larva de terceiro estádio (L3), pois representa a forma infectante que dissemina a parasitose e o primeiro contato do parasita com o hospedeiro definitivo. Pouco se conhece sobre suas características biológicas, antigênicas, aspectos moleculares e mesmo sobre as relações que se estabelecem entre hospedeiro-parasita, seja homem infectado e Wuchereria bancrofti, seja entre vetor e parasita.Na falta de um modelo animal experimental, para W. bancrofti, as informações que se possuem sobre a ação de larvas infectantes em seus hospedeiros mamíferos, referem-se a

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Immune Responses in Human Infections with Brugia malayi: Correlation of Cellular and Humoral Reactions to Microfilarial Antigens with Clinical Status *

Cited by 64 publications

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Diminished Monocyte Function in Microfilaremic Patients with Lymphatic Filariasis and Its Relationship to Altered Lymphoproliferative Responses

Diminished Monocyte Function in Microfilaremic Patients with Lymphatic Filariasis and Its Relationship to Altered Lymphoproliferative Responses

Clinical and laboratory aspects of filariasis

Perfil protéico e reconhecimento antigênico de extratos de larvas infectantes (L3) de Wuchereria bancrofti

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