Immune responses to Mucorales growth forms: Do we know everything?

Roilides, Emmanuel; Simitsopoulou, Maria

doi:10.1080/21505594.2017.1368942

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…After investigation of the conservancy of every single epitope that constructs the current study’s multitope vaccine, in seven major mucormycosis-causing fungi, we found that at least two single epitopes were 100% conserved in each fungus, which recommends the current study’s multitope vaccine as a general vaccine against mucormycosis. A molecular docking study between the designed vaccine and TLR2, which is involved in the recognition of Mucorales [ 82 ], was performed, and the stability of the docked complex was assessed through molecular dynamics simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Designing of a Multitope Vaccine against Rhizopus microsporus with Potential Activity against Other Mucormycosis Causing Fungi

Soltan

Eldeen

Elbassiouny

et al. 2021

Cells

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During the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dissemination of Mucorales has been reported globally, with elevated rates of infection in India, and because of the high rate of mortality and morbidity, designing an effective vaccine against mucormycosis is a major health priority, especially for immunocompromised patients. In the current study, we studied shared Mucorales proteins, which have been reported as virulence factors, and after analysis of several virulent proteins for their antigenicity and subcellular localization, we selected spore coat (CotH) and serine protease (SP) proteins as the targets of epitope mapping. The current study proposes a vaccine constructed based on top-ranking cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and B cell lymphocyte (BCL) epitopes from filtered proteins. In addition to the selected epitopes, β-defensins adjuvant and PADRE peptide were included in the constructed vaccine to improve the stimulated immune response. Computational tools were used to estimate the physicochemical and immunological features of the proposed vaccine and validate its binding with TLR-2, where the output data of these assessments potentiate the probability of the constructed vaccine to stimulate a specific immune response against mucormycosis. Here, we demonstrate the approach of potential vaccine construction and assessment through computational tools, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a proposed vaccine against mucormycosis based on the immunoinformatics approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Designing of a Multitope Vaccine against Rhizopus microsporus with Potential Activity against Other Mucormycosis Causing Fungi

Soltan

Eldeen

Elbassiouny

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Neutrophils also control fungal infection via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which entrap and expose extracellular fungi to antimicrobial peptides [52]. G. mellonella lacks adaptive immunity but mounts an innate immune and humoral response to infection that shares similarities with mammalian innate and humoral immunity [53][54][55]. Galleria immune cells, such as plasmacytes and granulocytes, exert cellular immune response by phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera Are More Virulent and Resistant to Antifungal Agents Than Sporangiospores In Vitro and in Galleria mellonella

Samdavid Thanapaul,

Roberds,

Rios

et al. 2023

JoF

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Mucorales species cause debilitating, life-threatening sinopulmonary diseases in immunocompromised patients and penetrating wounds in trauma victims. Common antifungal agents against mucormycosis have significant toxicity and are often ineffective. To evaluate treatments against mucormycosis, sporangiospores are typically used for in vitro assays and in pre-clinical animal models of pulmonary infections. However, in clinical cases of wound mucormycosis caused by traumatic inoculation, hyphal elements found in soil are likely the form of the inoculated organism. In this study, Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with either sporangiospores or hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera. Hyphal infections resulted in greater and more rapid larval lethality than sporangiospores, with an approximate 10–16-fold decrease in LD50 of hyphae for R. arrhizus (p = 0.03) and L. corymbifera (p = 0.001). Liposomal amphotericin B, 10 mg/kg, was ineffective against hyphal infection, while the same dosage was effective against infections produced by sporangiospores. Furthermore, in vitro, antifungal susceptibility studies show that minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antifungal agents against hyphae were higher when compared to those of sporangiospores. These findings support using hyphal elements of Mucorales species for virulence testing and antifungal drug screening in vitro and in G. mellonella for studies of wound mucormycosis.

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“…Despite this, they seldom cause disease due to the low virulence of the organisms; instead, they only affect people who have compromised immune systems [45] . Immunocompetent hosts with poorly regulated diabetes mellitus (especially ketoacidosis), glucocorticoids, and thrombocytopenia in the setting of hematologic or solid malignant tumors, implantation, iron deficiency anemia, and burns are at risk [46] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Mucormycosis Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis during COVID-19 era: A retrospective assessment

Mukherjee,

Das,

Basak

et al. 2024

Infectious Medicine

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Immune responses to Mucorales growth forms: Do we know everything?

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

In Silico Designing of a Multitope Vaccine against Rhizopus microsporus with Potential Activity against Other Mucormycosis Causing Fungi

In Silico Designing of a Multitope Vaccine against Rhizopus microsporus with Potential Activity against Other Mucormycosis Causing Fungi

Hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera Are More Virulent and Resistant to Antifungal Agents Than Sporangiospores In Vitro and in Galleria mellonella

Mucormycosis during COVID-19 era: A retrospective assessment

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