Immune responses to prebiotics in farmed salmonid fish: How transcriptomic approaches help interpret responses

Porter, D.; Peggs, David; McGurk, Charles; Martín, Samuel

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.055

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Both in-vivo experiments, and cellular models can be used to identify molecular responses to PAMPs or functional ingredients through the advancements in ‘omic’ technologies ( 32 , 33 ). Many of the important economic aquaculture species have genomes which are now fully characterized and annotated allowing for in-depth immuno-transcriptomic experiments to illustrate the molecular machinery involved in the immune response ( 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2022

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The use of functional feeds for farmed fish is now regarded as a key factor in improving fish health and performance against infectious disease. However, the mechanisms by which these nutritional components modulate the immune response are not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to identify the suitability of both primary gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) leucocyte cells and established rainbow trout cell lines as potential alternative methods to test functional feed ingredients prior to full fish feeding trials that can take months to complete. In addition to the primary GALT culture cells, the two rainbow cell lines RTS11 and RTgutGC which are from macrophage and gut epithelial cells, respectively. The cells were stimulated with a variety of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (PHA and Poly I:C) and recombinant rainbow trout IL-1β (rIL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, additionally two forms of β-glucan, a prebiotic commonly used aquafeeds were used as stimulants. From this, the suitability of cell models as a health screen for functional feeds was assessed. GALT leucocytes were deemed most effective to act as a health screen over the 4hr time point demonstrating responses to Poly I:C, PHA, and rIL-1β. RTS11 and RTgutGC also responded to the stimulants but did not give a strong T-cell response, most likely reflecting the nature of the cell type as opposed to the mixed cell populations from the primary GALT cell cultures. When stimulated with both forms of β-glucan, GALT leucocytes demonstrated a strong proinflammatory and T-cell response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This data validates the need for further primary cell culture models to be developed. Gut specific cell culture models are needed to provide a unique insight into the mechanisms behind the interface between nutrition and the immune system ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2022

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“…In this context, we have recently shown that the use of a high-starch diet in a 100% plant-based diet has no adverse effects on the rainbow trout metabolism, but does not improve growth [ 6 ]. Interestingly, the use of prebiotics such as inulin has already been investigated in teleosts and could have beneficial effects associated with a high-starch diet [ 31 ], but little is known about its effect on host metabolism and immunity, in contrast to mammals [ 47 , 48 ]. In this study, we wanted to understand the effects of inulin supplementation in rainbow trout fed a diet containing either high or low CHO/protein ratio, with the basal diet comprising of 100% plant-based ingredients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet

Defaix,

Lokesh,

Frohn

et al. 2024

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds. In a two-factor design, we examined the impact of inulin (2%) as well as the variation in the carbohydrates (CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout. We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters, plasma metabolites, gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid, as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine, intermediary liver metabolism, and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial. Results The use of 2% inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota, but interestingly, the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity, with 21 bacterial genera affected, including Ralstonia, Bacillus, and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria. There were higher levels of butyric, and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin. The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il8, and tnfa) in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine (tjp1a and tjp3). However, the 2% inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers. Finally, inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates. Conclusions With a 100% plant-based diet, inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2% inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100% plant-based diet.

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“…but little is known about its effect on host metabolism and immunity, in contrast to mammals [48,49]. In this study, we wanted to understand the effects of inulin supplementation in rainbow trout fed a diet containing either high or low CHO/ protein ratio, with the basal diet comprising of 100% plant-based ingredients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet

Defaix

Lokesh

Frohn

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds. In a two-factorial design, we examined the impact of inulin (2%) as well as the variation in the CHO/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout. We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters, plasmatic metabolites, gut microbiota, production of Short-Chain Fatty Acid and lactic acid, as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptors genes in the mid-intestine, intermediary liver metabolism, and immune markers. Results The use of 2% inulin did not change significantly the fish intestinal microbiota, while interestingly, the high CHO/Protein ratio group shows modification of intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity, with 21 bacterial genera affected, including Ralstonia, Bacillus, and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria. There were higher levels of butyric, and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin. The high CHO/Protein group shows a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il8, tnfa) in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine (tjp1a, tjp3). However, the 2% inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers. Finally, inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates. Conclusions with a 100% plant-based diet, inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of inulin in combination with such alternative diets needs further investigations.

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Immune responses to prebiotics in farmed salmonid fish: How transcriptomic approaches help interpret responses

Cited by 11 publications

References 90 publications

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet

Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet

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