Immune Suppression in Advanced Chronic Fascioliasis: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model

Gironènes, Núria; Valero, M. Adela; Garcia-Bodelon, M. A.; Chico‐Calero, Isabel; Punzón, Carmen; Presno, Manuel; Mas‐Coma, Santiago

doi:10.1086/514822

Cited by 88 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Present widespread fascioliasis with high pathogenicity in ruminants from Bangladesh is a good indicator for the disease likely to be diagnosed in humans if properly investigated. The higher proportion of F. gigantica-like forms in the country may suggest more severe pathogenic characteristics related to the larger size of F. gigantica if it infects humans (Girones et al 2007;Valero et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human cases have been increasing in the five continents, including estimates of human infection of up to 17 million people, or even higher depending from the hitherto unknown situations in Asia and Africa (Mas-Coma et al 2009a). This disease has recently proven to have a great morbidity impact throughout the biliary or chronic period of the disease (Valero et al 2003(Valero et al , 2006aGirones et al 2007), and not only due to the pathogenicity of the acute phase as hitherto believed (Chen and Mott, 1990). Clinical studies have shown this disease to be pronouncedly complex, giving rise to progressive general deterioration of the patients, with sequelae sometimes *Corresponding author: Madela.Valero@uv.es Syed Ali Ahasan et al 268 leaving them handicapped and frail, even including fatal cases (Mas-Coma et al 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh

Ahasan¹,

Valero

Chowdhury

et al. 2016

Acta Parasitologica

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Fascioliasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The characterisation and differentiation of Fasciola populations is crucial to control the disease, given the different transmission, epidemiology and pathology characteristics of the two species. Lineal biometric features of adult liver flukes infecting livestock have been studied to characterise and discriminate fasciolids from Bangladesh. An accurate analysis was conducted to phenotypically discriminate between fasciolids from naturally infected bovines (cattle, buffaloes) throughout the country. Morphometric analyses were made with a computer image analysis system (CIAS) applied on the basis of standardised measurements and the logistic model of the body growth and development of fasciolids in the different host groups. Since it is the first ever comprehensive study of this kind undertaken in Bangladesh, the results are compared to pure fasciolid populations of F. hepatica from the European Mediterranean area and F. gigantica from Burkina Faso, geographical areas where both species do not co-exist. Principal component analysis showed that the biometric characteristics of fasciolids from Bangladesh are situated between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations, indicating the presence of phenotypes of intermediate forms in Bangladesh. These results are analysed by considering the present emergence of animal fascioliasis, the local lymnaeid fauna, the impact of climate change, and the risk of human infection in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh

Ahasan¹,

Valero

Chowdhury

et al. 2016

Acta Parasitologica

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“…De hecho, en las TI, debido a la probable infección reciente o cambio de la fase aguda a crónica, el grado de inmunosupresión es menor; mientras que las VI, por su mayor edad, mayor tiempo de enfermedad y resistencia del parásito a ser eliminado con tratamiento farmacológico, se encuentran en fase crónica, en la cual la inmunosupresión es mayor. El efecto inmunosupresor de F. hepatica se explica por los múltiples papeles que juegan los antígenos parasitarios en la evasión e inmunomodulación ejercida por el parásito (Flynn et al, 2010 Gironenes et al, 2007), poniendo de manifiesto diferencias interespecíficas, así como entre infecciones agudas y crónicas. Así, por ejemplo, en ganado vacuno infectado se produce una elevada respuesta a mitógenos con producción de IFN-γ en fases agudas, mientras que en fases crónicas cae tanto la respuesta a mitógenos como la producción de IFN-γ (Clery et al, 1996 En el presente estudio, tal como se esperaba, los animales controles (CNI) no mostraron respuesta proliferativa a los estímulos específicos por carecer de exposición previa, mientras que los animales infectados (TI y VI) mostraron una respuesta muy baja, siendo las TI las que mostraron una respuesta superior.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Estos resultados concuerdan con otros estudios, donde quedó de manifiesto la producción de IFN-γ típica de la respuesta Th1 durante las primeras semanas de infección (Clery et al, 1996;Tliba et al, 2002a,b); sin embargo, en etapas crónicas esta producción decae hasta extinguirse, evidenciándose el cambio a una respuesta Th2 con elevada expresión de IL-4 (Brown et al, 1994;O'Neill et al, 2000;Gironenes et al, 2007). No obstante, en un estudio en ovejas cola delgada de Indonesia (ITT) resistentes a infección por F. gigantica (Pleasance et al, 2011) y en otro en conejos con alta protección conferidos con una vacuna contra F. hepatica (Espino y Rivera, 2010), se demuestra que una respuesta temprana tipo Th1 o la dominancia de esta está asociada a la protección y resistencia a la infección.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Inmunidad Celular en Ganado Vacuno Lechero Naturalmente Infectado con Fasciola hepatica en Cajamarca, Perú

Silva-Díaz

Hobán

Cerna

et al. 2015

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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RESUMENLa fasciolosis producida por Fasciola hepatica es una importante enfermedad parasitaria de la ganadería en muchos países. En Cajamarca, Perú, se reportan prevalencias superiores al 80% en el ganado lechero. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de proliferación y la expresión de citoquinas (IFN-γ e IL-4) en células mononucleares de sangre periférica de terneras y vacas naturalmente infectadas, contra el antígeno no específico fitohemaglutinina y los antígenos específicos de excreción-secreción del estadio inmaduro y maduro de F. hepatica. La capacidad proliferativa fue determinada por linfoproliferación in vitro y la expresión de citoquinas se evaluó en sobrenadantes de cultivo celular por la técnica de ELISA. Las vacas infectadas con F. hepatica mostraron una disminución de la capacidad de respuesta frente a estímulos proliferativos inespecíficos y específicos. En el perfil de citoquinas contra el estímulo específico se encontró una baja expresión de IFN-γ, mientras que la respuesta de IL-4 fue alta, lo que indica que la respuesta permanece polarizada hacia una respuesta de tipo Th2. En el análisis comparativo, las terneras expresaron niveles de IFN-γ más altos que los valores obtenidos en las vacas, pero con una expresión similar de IL-4. No se observaron diferencias en la respuesta inmune a los antígenos del estadio inmaduro y maduro del parásito. Los resultados demuestran que a medida que la enfermedad progresa se expresa una respuesta inmunomoduladora en los animales adultos naturalmente infectados con F. hepatica.

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“…Well known in the veterinary field, this disease is also of public health impact with human case numbers and endemic areas increasing in five continents (Mas-Coma et al, 2009a). Human fascioliasis is goining importance with the current, improved understanding of its morbidity due to sustained infection (Valero et al, 2003(Valero et al, , 2006Girones et al, 2007). Due to the parasite/snail relationship, the disease is highly dependent on climatic and environmental characteristics (Ollerenshaw and Smith, 1969;Ollerenshaw, 1974), which explains the influence of climate change and anthropogenic modifications of the environment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis in Pakistan

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Large areas of the province of Punjab, Pakistan are endemic for fascioliasis, resulting in high economic losses due to livestock infection but also affecting humans directly. The prevalence in livestock varies pronouncedly in space and time (1-70%). Climatic factors influencing fascioliasis presence and potential spread were analysed based on data from five meteorological stations during 1990-2010. Variables such as wet days (Mt), water-budget-based system (Wb-bs) indices and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were obtained and correlated with geographical distribution, seasonality patterns and the two-decade evolution of fascioliasis in livestock throughout the province. The combined approach by these three indices proved to furnish a useful tool to analyse the complex epidemiology that includes (i) sheep-goats and cattlebuffaloes presenting different immunological responses to fasciolids; (ii) overlap of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica; (iii) co-existence of highlands and lowlands in the area studied; and (iv) disease transmission following bi-seasonality with one peak related to natural rainfall and another peak related to man-made irrigation. Results suggest a human infection situation of concern and illustrate how climate and anthropogenic environment modifications influence both geographical distribution and seasonality of fascioliasis risks. Increased fascioliasis risk throughout the Punjab plain and its decrease in the northern highlands of the province became evident during the study period. The high risk in the lowlands is worrying given that Punjab province largely consists of low-altitude, highly irrigated plains. The importance of livestock in this province makes it essential to prioritise adequate control measures. An annual treatment scheme to control the disease is recommended to be applied throughout the whole province.

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Immune Suppression in Advanced Chronic Fascioliasis: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model

Cited by 88 publications

References 42 publications

CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh

CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh

Inmunidad Celular en Ganado Vacuno Lechero Naturalmente Infectado con Fasciola hepatica en Cajamarca, Perú

Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis in Pakistan

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