Immune System Dysfunction in the Elderly

Fuentes, Eduardo; Fuentes, Manuel Durán; Alarcón, Marcelo; Palomo, Iván

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160487

Cited by 188 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…These patients experience age‐related changes in cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, immune, and neurological function that may profoundly impact the toxicity of cancer treatment . Furthermore, the decline of immune function associated with aging further predisposes these patients to cutaneous‐derived malignancies . The relative‐immunodepression seen globally in older adults makes this patient population physiologically unique from patient cohorts more frequently represented in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oncologic outcomes in head and neck cancer patients ≥80 years old based on adherence to NCCN guideline for postoperative adjuvant treatment

et al. 2019

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Background There is a paucity of literature characterizing outcomes in older adult patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to describe patients from this group, their adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) adjuvant treatment guidelines, and the impact of guideline adherence on overall survival (OS). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed all patients ≥80 years old with HNC who underwent surgery with curative intent from 2008 to 2016. Adherence to NCCN guidelines was determined in blinded fashion, and quality metrics and OS were compared. Results One hundred fifty‐nine patients met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients (n = 94, 59%) underwent treatment in accordance with NCCN recommendations while 65 (41%) deviated from NCCN guidelines. The two cohorts did not demonstrate a difference in 2‐year OS (62% vs 66%, P = .50). Conclusion Older adult patient outcomes were not different when treatment deviated from NCCN guidelines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oncologic outcomes in head and neck cancer patients ≥80 years old based on adherence to NCCN guideline for postoperative adjuvant treatment

et al. 2019

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“…Age is a major risk factor for solid cancers, and approximately 60% of patients with CRC are over 70 years of age at the time of diagnosis, and 43% are less than 75 years of age . Aging is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system and its ability to function . The term “immunosenescence” is a loosely defined convenience designation implying poorer immunity in the elderly …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no clear or standardized set of parameters that can be used to determine whether an individual is “immunosenescent.” Numerous functions of T and B lymphocytes diminish with age, and it is likely that the increase in cancer with age is directly related to the decline in immune responsiveness to neoplasms . The prognosis of patients with CRC has improved in recent decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Aging is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system and its ability to function. 3 The term "immunosenescence" is a loosely defined convenience designation implying poorer immunity in the elderly. 4 There is no clear or standardized set of parameters that can be used to determine whether an individual is "immunosenescent."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Numerous functions of T and B lymphocytes diminish with age, and it is likely that the increase in cancer with age is directly related to the decline in immune responsiveness to neoplasms. 3 The prognosis of patients with CRC has improved in recent decades. For Eisenhardt, 6 the overall average survival for this cancer is approximately 65% in developed countries and 50% in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soluble levels of sCD40L and s4‐1BB are associated with a poor prognosis in elderly patients with colorectal cancer

Lima

Torres

Martins

et al. 2019

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Background and Objectives The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved in the last decades, however, a lower overall survival persists in the elderly. The understanding of immunity changes in the elderly with CRC will allow the emergence of new treatments with higher response rates. 4‐1BB and CD40L, an immune checkpoint stimulator, play an important role in T‐cell responses and platelets. Our aim was to characterize the soluble levels of CD40L and 4‐1BB in CRC elderly patients. Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed in 41 patients with CRC and 35 healthy elderly controls. Patients with CRC were divided into three groups according to staging: 13 patients with advanced tumor restricted to the organ (stages II); 16 patients with lymph node metastasis (stage III); and 12 patients with distant metastasis (stage IV). Results There were higher levels of soluble s4‐1BB and sCD40L in CRC elderly stage II patients when compared with healthy controls (P = .0009 and P < .0001, respectively), stage III patients (P = .008 and P < .0001, respectively) and stage IV patients (P = .007 and P < .0001, respectively). Conclusions We concluded that sCD40L and s4‐1BB molecules may be prognostic biomarkers, since the reduction in plasma levels of these molecules was associated with disease progression.

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Targeted Therapeutics Delivery by Exploiting Biophysical Properties of Senescent Cells

Low

Chan

Tay

2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Cellular senescence refers to a state of irreversible arrest of cell proliferation in response to various forms of cellular stress. It is known that the accumulation of senescent cells is a hallmark of aging, and mounting evidence has shown that the chronic accumulation of senescent cells is a significant contributor to various deleterious age-related pathologies. To limit the detrimental impacts of cellular senescence, there has been growing interest in targeted delivery of therapeutics to senescent cells to treat age-related pathologies and promote healthy aging. Two popular strategies include the elimination of senescent cells using senolytic drugs, and rejuvenation of senescent cells. To that end, it is integral that the delivery of senolytics, senomorphics or rejuvenating biomolecules to senescent cells are highly selective to enhance delivery efficacy and safety. However, there is little understanding of how senescence-associated biophysical changes such as cellular size and stiffness can be exploited for targeted therapeutics delivery. In this review, the biomolecular and biophysical markers of senescence along with senescence models and emerging therapeutics are first described. This review then focuses on how biophysical properties can be exploited for targeted therapeutics delivery, using approaches like nanoparticles, electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation and high aspect-ratio nanostructures to senescent cells.

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Immune System Dysfunction in the Elderly

Cited by 188 publications

References 158 publications

Evaluation of oncologic outcomes in head and neck cancer patients ≥80 years old based on adherence to NCCN guideline for postoperative adjuvant treatment

Evaluation of oncologic outcomes in head and neck cancer patients ≥80 years old based on adherence to NCCN guideline for postoperative adjuvant treatment

Soluble levels of sCD40L and s4‐1BB are associated with a poor prognosis in elderly patients with colorectal cancer

Targeted Therapeutics Delivery by Exploiting Biophysical Properties of Senescent Cells

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