Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface

Vitar, Romina Mayra Lasagni; Bonelli, Filippo; Rama, Paolo; Ferrari, Giulio

doi:10.1093/cei/uxab032

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Ocular pain is caused by a complex interaction between in ammatory factors and nerves (27). The ocular symptoms we reported in this study are consistent with those reported in other studies.…”

Section: Time Of Last Vaccinationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

Ju,

Wang,

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the world rapidly to become the world’s first major public health problem. SARS-CoV-2’s receptors are expressed in multiple tissues throughout the body and can cause multiple organ damage when engaged by the virus. We collected and classified the clinical ocular manifestations of individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic and analyzed them to gain an understanding of the ocular manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to collect the demographic characteristics, the SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and symptoms, and specifically, the ocular manifestations of the individuals with COVID-19. We used SPSS for all statistical analyses, to calculate the incidence of COVID-19 ocular manifestations and to analyze the possible associations between those and sex, age, and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Results: Of the 452 records reviewed, 134 didn’t pass any tests to confirm COVID-19, so this group did not participate in the analysis. Of the remaining 318 reviewed records, 147 (46.2%, n=318) belonged to men and 171 (53.8%, n=318) to women. The most common systemic symptoms were cough, expectoration, chills, fever, and fatigue. In addition, we found women to be more likely than men to experience cough, expectoration, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, hoarseness, low back pain, taste changes, and arthralgia. The overall incidence ofCOVID-19 eye manifestations was 26.7% (n=318) and the most common symptoms were eyeball pain, decreased vision , eye itching or foreign body sensation, and photophobia or tearing. Women were more likely than men to experience eyeball pain and orbital pain. We found sex and the prolonged screen time usage to be associated with COVID-19 ocular manifestations, whereas age, BMI, history of eye disease, basic diseases, types of COVID-19, vaccination status, and vaccination time were not associated with the presence of ocular manifestations. Conclusion: COVID-19 ocular manifestations are common, and the main ones include eyeball pain and decreased vision. The variables associated with eye discomfort are sex and the prolonged screen time usage. Other variables such as age, BMI, underlying diseases, and type of COVID-19 were not associated with the occurrence of ocular symptoms in COVID-19.

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Section: Time Of Last Vaccinationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

Ju,

Wang,

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Corneal epithelial cells are closely related with intraepithelial free nerve endings (FNEs) and the subbasal nerve plexus, which were stained by anti βIII-tubulin. 42 , 43 During corneal wound healing, these nerve fibers, in the form of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, play an important role in controlling epithelial cell regeneration. Sensory nerve endings enhance the adhesion between corneal epithelial cells and improve regenerated epithelial cell maintenance by producing neural-derived growth factors, 6 , 44 – 47 whereas the sympathetic fibers increase and the parasympathetic fibers decrease inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerated Corneal Epithelium Expresses More βIII-Tubulin After Chemical Injuries Compared to Mechanical Injuries

Shadmani,

Ercal,

Uzun

et al. 2023

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Defining the regenerative response following various types of corneal chemical and mechanical injuries is important for understanding the pathophysiology of the injury and evaluating the effectiveness of the therapies. This study characterizes corneal epithelial healing in a murine chemical and mechanical injury model. Methods Four groups of 10 mice each received complete corneolimbal injuries by AlgerBrush, AlgerBrush/thermal, NaOH (0.5 N), or ethanol. Slit-lamp and optical coherence tomography examinations were performed daily for 14 days. Corneal opacity (CO) and neovascularization (NV) were evaluated. The origin of the regenerated epithelium was illustrated by anti-cytokeratin 12 (K12) and anti-K13. The height of regenerated corneal epithelium and intraepithelial free nerve endings (FNEs) stained with anti–βIII-tubulin were measured. The amount of fibrosis was measured by anti–α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) monoclonal antibody in the different groups. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and t -test. Results Corneal opacity and neovascularization were markedly higher in the NaOH and AlgerBrush/thermal groups. Molecular studies revealed the following: Regenerated corneal epithelium thickness was less than normal in all groups, the AlgerBrush group had the shortest height of the regenerated epithelium, βIII-tubulin was expressed in the entire height of corneal epithelium in all groups except in the AlgerBrush group, and K12 was replaced by K13 in all groups. Conclusions Corneal wound healing is more effective following chemical injuries in terms of epithelial thickness. Inflammation may play an important role in the outcome. Translational Relevance Inflammation following different injuries may be redirected to be more effective in corneal regeneration and clarity.

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Morphological alterations in corneal nerves of patients with dry eye and associated biomarkers

Uchino

Mizuno

et al. 2023

Experimental Eye Research

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Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface

Cited by 10 publications

References 211 publications

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

Regenerated Corneal Epithelium Expresses More βIII-Tubulin After Chemical Injuries Compared to Mechanical Injuries

Morphological alterations in corneal nerves of patients with dry eye and associated biomarkers

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