Immunity in Experimental Salmonellosis III. Comparative Immunization with Viable and Heat-Inactivated Cells of
            <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>

Germanier, R

doi:10.1128/iai.5.5.792-797.1972

Cited by 70 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Live parenteral vaccines are able to confer effective protection against salmonellosis according to Germanier, 1972. In veterinary medicine there are often reservations concerning the use of live vaccines, since these could result in the development of latent carriers and/or contamination of the meat at slaughter of the animals. Killed parenteral vaccines are, however, also reported to protect against homologous infection provided the challenge dose is not excessive (WOOLCOCK, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELISA for Measurement of Antibody Response to a Killed Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine in Cattle

Robertsson

Carlsson

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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U. S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 0514-7166/80/2701-0028$02.50/0 ELISA for Measurement of Antibody Response 29 the infection had been manifest for five weeks. EaQ cow was given, respectively 5, 10 and 10ml. of the vaccine subcutaneously at 2-weeks intervals, with the first injection given six weeks before expected calving. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated cows and their calves were kept separate in the same byre throughout the investigation. Colostrum was given to all calves for 3 days, starting at the latest 6 hours after birth. Bacteriological and clinical examinationEvery third week, beginning five weeks before starting the immunisation programme, faecal samples from all cows and calves under study were examined for the presence of Salmonellae. Each faecal specimen was enriched in tetrathionate broth (KAUFFMANN, 1930) and selenite broth (Oxoid CM 395), respectively. The broth cultures were incubated for 18 hours at 37 OC and each of them then subcultured on desoxycholate citrate agar (Oxoid CM 35) and brilliant green agar (Difco B 285) for 18 hours at 37OC. Salmonella-like colonies were tested biochemically and serologically. Simultaneously, with every faecal sampling the clinical status of each animal was recorded. Sampling of serum and colostrumEach pregnant cow was bled immediately before the first vaccination i. e. approximately 6 weeks before expected calving.Samples of blood and colostrum were taken from all cows at the time of parturition. Each calf was bled during day 2-4, day 15-20 and day 30-35 after birth. On some occasions samples were not obtained from all animals. Sera were inactivated at 56 OC for 30 min. and stored at -20 OC.Colostra were delipidized by centrifugation and casein was removed by treatment with 0.2 O/o (w/v) rennin at 37 OC for 20 min. Colostra were then cleared by centrifugation and stored at -20 OC. Tube agglutination testEqual amounts (0.25 ml.) of a standardized suspension of heat-killed S. typhimurium were added to serial two-fold dilutions of serum and colostrum. After incubation for 20 hours at 52 OC, the titres were determined as the highest serum or colostrum dilutions giving visible agglutination. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)Die Antikorperbildung nach einer Vakzination mit einem abgetoteten autogenen Impfstoff wurde in einem mit S. typhimurium infizierten Rinderbestand studiert. Kolostrum und Serum von vakzinierten und nicht geimpften Zbl. Vet. Med., Reihe B, Bd. 27, Heft 1 J Author's address: Dr. J. A. ROBERTSSON, National Veterinary Institute, S-750 07 Uppsala, muriwm infection in sudrler cows and calves. Br. Vet. J. 133, 239-244. of market calves in relation to their health. Acta vet. scand. 11, 341-360. 105-1 06. 263-268. 809-81 1.Sweden. 3'

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELISA for Measurement of Antibody Response to a Killed Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine in Cattle

Robertsson

Carlsson

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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“…It is surprising, therefore, that so little is known about the changes which occur in pathogenic bacteria as they adapt to and multiply in the environment of the host [1,2]. What is clear is that growth in vivo has a large effect on the infectivity of bacteria [2] and that immunization using live organisms which multiply in the host, such as occurs during natural infection, can often elicit a much better protection than vaccination with killed in vitro grown cells [3][4][5][6]. In this communication we show that pathogenic Escherichia coli growing in vivo during infection express new major outermembrane proteins which are exposed at the cell surface; these proteins make up the high affinity uptake systems for iron complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Escherichia coli express new outer membrane proteins when growing in vivo

Griffiths

1983

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…The majority of the anti-LPS antibodies derived from primary CBA/Ca TMLspecific clones is directed against the O antigens . Since the O antigens are considered to be critical virulence factors (57,58), these findings suggest that anti-O antigen antibodies may play an important role in the resistance to S. typhimurium infections . Interestingly, even though O antigen-specific precursors are significantly expanded after antigen exposure (from 2 per 106 B cells to 50-75 per 106 B cells), these B cells make up less than half of the total CBA/Ca memory LPS-specific B cell response .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Contrary to this prediction, <30% of the anti-TML antibodies produced by primary CBA/Ca clones are LPS-specific . Therefore, AKD-TML does appear to stimulate a true representation of the TML-specific B cell repertoire or, at least, an approximation of the repertoire in terms of what is known about the role of LPS in the anti-S. typhimurium antibody response and in virulence (17,26,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62) . Furthermore, the apparent selective expansion of clones directed toward one of the major salmonella cell surface determinants (LPS) is reminiscent of the antigen-dependent expansion of influenza-specific memory B cell clones where an increase from 30% to 780% of the anti-influenza antibodies were found to be reactive to HA, a major influenza virus determinant (29,63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal analysis of primary B cells responsive to the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella typhimurium.

Duran¹,

Metcalf²

1987

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In the present study, a modification of the splenic focus system is used to analyze the S. typhimurium strain TML (TML)-specific B cell repertoire. The results show that the frequency of primary TML-specific splenic B cells in CBA/Ca mice is approximately 1 per 10(5) B cells and less than 30% of these B cells are specific for LPS. In contrast, the frequency of memory TML-specific cells is approximately 1 per 5-8 X 10(3) splenic B cells and greater than 95% of these B cells are specific for LPS. These results suggest that the frequency of primary TML-specific B cells is extremely low and that it expands 15-20-fold after antigen exposure. It is interesting that less than 30% of the primary B cells are specific for the LPS molecule since it is considered to be the major antigenic determinant on Salmonella organisms. Furthermore, the majority of the LPS-specific anti-TML antibody-producing clones are directed against the LPS O antigen region. Conversely, more than half to two-thirds of the memory LPS-specific anti-TML B cell clones are directed against the KDO or lipid A region of the LPS molecule. These results indicate that the preferential expansion of LPS-specific B cell clones observed after immunization resides primarily in the B cell subsets responsive to the KDO/lipid A moieties on the LPS molecule. Finally, unlike B cell responses to chemically defined antigens, TML stimulates very little IgG1 antibody. IgG2 and IgA isotypes appear to play a predominant role in anti-TML antibody responses, although all H chain classes are produced to some extent. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the responses reported for two other natural antigens, HA and PC. Hence, the pattern of stimulation by infectious agents, such as S. typhimurium, appears to be distinct from that of synthetic antigens. Thus, the studies presented herein have begun to provide insights into those subsets of B cells responsive to S. typhimurium and other infectious disease organisms.

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Immunity in Experimental Salmonellosis III. Comparative Immunization with Viable and Heat-Inactivated Cells of Salmonella typhimurium

Cited by 70 publications

References 17 publications

ELISA for Measurement of Antibody Response to a Killed Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine in Cattle

ELISA for Measurement of Antibody Response to a Killed Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine in Cattle

Pathogenic Escherichia coli express new outer membrane proteins when growing in vivo

Clonal analysis of primary B cells responsive to the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella typhimurium.

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