Immunity in Human Subjects Artificially Infected with Influenza Virus, Type B

Protective Effect of Vaccination Against Induced Influenza a 1

“…This is true both among individuals who exhibited little or no clinical reaction, as measured by temperature, as well as among those showing a distinct clinical response. The fact that antibody rises can occur in the absence of any clinical evidence of infection has been repeatedly noted with the natural disease (13) and with induced infection (1,8), but the present data emphasize again that clinical infection does not always evoke measurable changes in concentration of serum antibody. The point of significance here is that while a fairly high correlation exists between distinct-clinical reactions and positive serological responses in a group of unvaccinated individuals, the correlation between the two was very low in a group of vaccinated subjects.…”

“…The method for introducing the virus, using nebulizers4 for dispersing the virus as a very fine spray, was the same as that previously described (8). The spray was directed by means of an adapter into each nostril for 2 minutes and the subject allowed to breathe the mist.…”

Protective Effect of Vaccination Against Induced Influenza B.

“…The clinical picture of the experimentally induced Type B infection was similar to that previously described (6). When compared with the illness induced by the Type A virus (1), several differences were evident.…”

Relationship of Th1/Th2 cell balance with the immune response to influenza vaccine during pregnancy

“…An aliquot of 0.3% v/v human type O RBC suspension in PBS was added to each well and incubated at RT for 1 hr. The titers of the specific antibodies for the various strains were read by inverting the plates to produce a streak [Hist, 1942;Francis et al, 1944;Stephenson et al, 2003]. …”