Immunity of Hope Wheat from Black Stem Rust Inherited as a Dominant Character<sup>1</sup>

Clark, J. Allen; Ausemus, E. R.

doi:10.2134/agronj1928.00021962002000020008x

Cited by 8 publications

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“…In both Canadian programs the resistance sources were of the "mature plant" type, conditioned by a simply inherited, dominant gene independent of seedling type resistances (Johnson 1961). The inheritance of this type of resistance was genetically defined in H44-24 and Hope crosses by Welsh (1927, 1928) in Canada and by Clark and Ausemus (1928) in the United States at almost the same time. Green and Campbell (1979) divided the history of P. graminis control in western Canada into three periods; pre-1935 with annual losses to rust; 1935-1954 as the era of Thatcher; and the post-1954 era based on Selkirk and its successors.…”

Section: Downloaded By [New York University] At 11:32 19 February 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective

Martens¹,

Dyck²

1989

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective

Martens¹,

Dyck²

1989

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…Welsh (1927, 1928) showed that mature-plant resistance to stem rust, in the cross H 44-24 X Marquis, was a dominant characteristic inherited in simple Mendelian fashion, and inherited quite independently of the seedling reaction to the various races. In the United States, Clark and Ausemus (1928) showed that when Hope was crossed with Marquis or Reliance its mature-plant resistance was a dominant character governed, apparently, by two pairs of Mendelian factors. The important conclusion to be derived from these studies was that mature-plant resistance could be "manipulated in wheat breeding as readily as any other simply inherited character provided that local conditions are suited to the development of heavy epidemics of stem rust" (Neatby, 1942).…”

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Rust research in Canada and related plant-disease investigations /

Johnson¹,

Canada²

1961

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Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada-Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada http://www.archive.org/details/rustresearchincaOOjohn CEREAL DISEASES IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES IN THE EARLY YEARS When cereal crops were introduced from Europe and the Mediterranean region to North America most of the disease organisms that affected them in their homeland were brought along with them. On the new continent these crops were, therefore, exposed to their accustomed diseases in a new environment and were, moreover, exposed to other disease organisms that they may not have encountered previously. These hazards were little realized by the early growers of grain who simply planted their seed and hoped for a good crop. The soils and the climate of the Mississippi Valley proved ideally suited to the growing of wheat. By 1839 the center of wheat growing in the United States had shifted westward across the Allegheny Mountains to southwestern Pennsylvania (Reitz, 1954). By 1859 the concentration of wheat production was in western Ohio and a decade later had shifted westward to Indiana. By 1879 Illinois had become the center, and by the end of the century the center of wheat production was considered to be in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota. This westward movement of wheat cultivation continued uninterruptedly until about 1920, when northern Kansas came to be considered the pivotal area of wheat production in the United States. The westward displacement of the center of grain growing to the open plains was paralleled by an ever-increasing concentration of the wheat crop. Wheat fields were no longer few and far between but came to occupy an ever greater proportion of arable land. Now, it is generally accepted that when the population of the host plant of some parasitic fungus is greatly increased in any given area the parasitic fungus will increase at a much greater rate provided that conditions for its propagation are satisfactory. The environment of the Mississippi Valley proved to be highly congenial to two of the most important fungus enemies of wheat: the rusts and the smuts. In a wheat plant infected by bunt (stinking smut) the grains are converted into 'smut balls', each of which may contain from 3 to 6 million spores. A single spore of the summer stage (urediospore) of stem rust may infect a wheat leaf or stem on which will arise, a fortnight later, a rust pustule containing several hundred thousand spores. With these great potentialities for multiplication the smuts and rusts of grain crops can increase to devastating proportions if conditions favor them and if no effective control measures are devised. During the period of rapid spread of agriculture into the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi, conditions did favor these parasites and no control measures were taken, or indeed known to most growers. As the establishment of agriculture in the midwestern states preceded that of the adjacent Prairie Provinces, the build-up of cereal diseases in the former area was bound to have a significance for Western Canada when gra...

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“…Besides the reduction in yield, there is a large loss from dockage owing to the presence of smut, and in the cost of cleaning smutty grain. According to Meier, 4 the dockage at the Kansas City market from July to October, 1926, amounted to $272,210, an average of more than $ro a car. Bunt may be controlled in most regions by the use of fungicides, but the most economical and satisfactory control lies in the use of resistant varieties, which eliminates the expense and inconveniences of treatment, and also takes care of situations where treatment rs ineffective.…”

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Breeding Wheats Resistant to Bunt by the Back‐Cross Method¹

Briggs¹

1930

Agronomy Journal

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Immunity of Hope Wheat from Black Stem Rust Inherited as a Dominant Character¹

Cited by 8 publications

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Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective

Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective

Rust research in Canada and related plant-disease investigations /

Breeding Wheats Resistant to Bunt by the Back‐Cross Method¹

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Immunity of Hope Wheat from Black Stem Rust Inherited as a Dominant Character1

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective

Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective

Rust research in Canada and related plant-disease investigations /

Breeding Wheats Resistant to Bunt by the Back‐Cross Method1

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Product

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Immunity of Hope Wheat from Black Stem Rust Inherited as a Dominant Character¹

Breeding Wheats Resistant to Bunt by the Back‐Cross Method¹