Immunity to Tetanus Induced by Combined Alum-Precipitated Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids

Peshkin, M. Murray

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1941.02000130018002

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…With intervals of 15 days, 3 weeks, and 1 month, the antibody titers were 1 to 10 units, 10 to 20 units, and 100 units. Boyd (11), Marveil and Parish (12), and Peshkin (13) reported that an interval of several months resulted in greater antibody fiters than an interval of 1 month.…”

Section: (From the Department Of Bacteriology And Immunology Harvardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Antibody Production

Fecsik

Butler

Coons

1964

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The differences in the antibody response between an initial and a second dose of antigen were recognized by Solomansen and Madsen in 1896 (1). In 1921, Gleuny and Siidmerson (2) published a classical monograph restating them in detail. Antibody in the blood serum following the second stimulus appears sooner, its concentration rises higher, and it persists longer than after the first. I t has long been part of the lore of the immunological laboratory that good secondary antibody responses are dependent on a delay between the injections, but until recently no systematic studies of this phenomenon have been made. The present experiments were carried out to discover what changes in the height of the secondary response would be brought about by systematically lengthening the interval between the two stimuli.A number of reports of limited observations have been published. Gleuny and S~dmerson (2) injected two doses (one L0 unit each) of diphtheria toxin into each of two groups of guinea pigs at an interval of 7 days or of several months. The former group formed 0.1 unit of antitoxin/ml of serum, the latter 1.0 unit. According to Glenny (3) "If the interval is long enough to allow potential immunity to develop, then the second injection acts as a secondary stimulus, and a rapid production of antitoxin follows." In 1941 Schiitze (4) reported on the optimal spacing of injections of bacterial vaccines. He gave two groups of mice two injections each of Salmonella typki murium, spaced either 1 or 4 weeks apart. One week after the second injection, the geometric means of the O-agglutinin titers were 2.81 and 4.6, respectively. He concluded that a significantly higher titer resulted from the 4 week interval. However, there was no difference in the resistance of the mice to challenge by living S. typhi murium. In a study reported by Barr and Glenny (5), 0.25 Lf of alum-precipitated diphtheria toxoid

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