Immunization in the United States

Orenstein, Walter A.; Rodewald, Lance E.; Hinman, Alan R.; Schuchat, Anne

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1.50071-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…(10,11) Studies suggest that parents and health care providers are uncomfortable with multiple injections in single visits. (12)(13)(14) Even in areas with high coverage, it is important to know attitudes and behaviours toward immunizations in order to improve services and maintain high coverage rate. (15) Since 1979, the government has supported the practice of tying the issuing of birth certificates for successful completion of first two years of life primary immunizations against diseases which are targeted by available vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Parents Towards Childhood Vaccination

Al-Zahrani¹

2013

MJHS

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Background: The prevention and treatment of hypertension are a high priority in medicine Background: It has been recently reported by WHO that a large proportion of children fail to complete their immunization schedule. System weaknesses, low public awareness, fears and misconceptions about vaccines were responsible for that. Despite nearly 100% vaccination rate in Saudi Arabia, often parents delay vaccination and do not fully understand the value of immunization, except that it is mandatory for birth certification and admission in school. Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and attitude regarding vaccination and their effects on vaccination practice. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered Arabic questionnaire, including 20 questions related to parental knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding childhood vaccination. It was distributed in PHC settings. Results: The study included parents of 390 children. Factors significantly associated with better knowledge score and positive parental attitude regarding child vaccination were source of information about child vaccination from TV, internet and journals/newspapers, parents with first child, younger age, and higher level of education. There was a moderate positive correlation between total knowledge score and total attitude score of child vaccination (r=0.382, p<0.001). Conclusion: Positive attitude towards immunizations was remarkably high in this study group of parents. Knowledge on childhood immunizations, however, was not significantly higher in those who reportedly receive information from health professionals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Parents Towards Childhood Vaccination

Al-Zahrani¹

2013

MJHS

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“…In this study, economic status was also related to vaccination rate. A hepatitis A vaccination administered in a private clinic is expensive (about $40 for a single dose), and cost is a well-known barrier to immunization [ 18 ]. Geographical area was also significantly related to immunization rate: the rate was lower in rural than in urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk factors associated with low immunization coverage can be divided into two groups: parental factors such as poverty, low education and lack of parental care, and provider factors such as health care facility, public health system provision of free vaccines and vaccination policy [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A Vaccination Rates and Related Factors in a 2005 Population-based Study in Nonsan, Korea

Kim

Lee

et al. 2009

Epidemiol Health

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OBJECTIVESThe incidence of clinical hepatitis A has increased in young Korean adults since the mid-1990s. Although hepatitis A vaccinations have been administered in private clinics over the past 10 yr, no data exist on the vaccination rate and relating factors.METHODSIn 2005, a population-based survey of 12-35-month-old children was carried out in Nonsan, Korea. An interview survey was completed for 71.3% of the children. All data came from a vaccination card or confirmation from a provider.RESULTSThe hepatitis A vaccination rate was 42.3% for ≥1 dose and 24.7% for 2-dose. The results of the multivariate regression analysis for the hepatitis A vaccination showed that the second (OR=1.6) and third and successive children (OR=3.3) were less often immunized than the first child. Low economic status (OR=1.6), rural area (OR=1.5) and employed mother (OR=1.5) were also correlated with a lower vaccination rate. The hepatitis A vaccination rate was significantly lower in children who had no other vaccinations: measlesmumps-rubella (OR=2.8 for ≥1 dose and 7.3 for 2-dose), varicella (OR=20.2 and 22.0, respectively) and Haemophilus influenza type b (OR=14.3 and 13.3, respectively).CONCLUSIONTo prevent outbreaks of clinical hepatitis A by enough herd immunity, a vaccination should be included in the National Immunization Program and a vaccination policy developed and implemented that can overcome the barriers to immunization such as late birth order and a mother's employment.

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“…While having a medical home is vital for children, the ability to administer the vast numbers of influenza vaccines may be greater than the capacity of primary care providers to support. ''Even when students have access to a primary care provider, it is not certain that the family will utilize the services provided'' (Orenstein, Rodewald, & Hinman, 2004, p. 1369. Provision of annual influenza vaccines to children may require venues such as community clinics and school clinics (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2008).…”

Section: Why Schools?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although support for childhood immunizations began in 1920s, there was no specific federal funding until the licensing of inactivated polio vaccine in 1955. Federal money was used again in 1960, when one-time funding was provided for stockpiling oral polio vaccine to be used in combating epidemics (Orenstein et al, 2004). By 1977, the federal government increased the support for immunizations for children against vaccinepreventable diseases.…”

Section: History Of School-located Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

School-Located Vaccination Clinics: Then and Now

Mazyck

2010

The Journal of School Nursing

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School-located vaccination has a long history in the United States. The 2008 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation for annual influenza vaccination of all children 6 months through 18 years of age adds approximately 30 million individuals to the overall cohort recommended to have a yearly vaccination. The ability to administer this vast number of vaccinations may be beyond the capacity of primary care providers, leaving schools as an attractive venue for mass immunization clinics.

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Immunization in the United States

Cited by 6 publications

References 244 publications

Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Parents Towards Childhood Vaccination

Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Parents Towards Childhood Vaccination

Hepatitis A Vaccination Rates and Related Factors in a 2005 Population-based Study in Nonsan, Korea

School-Located Vaccination Clinics: Then and Now

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