Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda

Piot, Peter; Larson, Heidi; O’Brien, Katherine L.; Nkengasong, John N.; Ng, Edmond S. W.; Sow, Samba O.; Kampmann, Beate

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1656-7

Cited by 155 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Medical and public health communities often frame lack of scientific information among the public as the culprit: medical societies call for coalitions with technology companies to ensure user access to scientifically valid information on vaccines; the WHO Vaccine Safety Net initiative aims to better align public questions and provide the most updated scientific evidence; outreach efforts to vulnerable communities prioritize "informing" skeptical parents. Turning to legal solutions, states are passing more regulations on vaccinations and school attendance [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Still, a string of difficult challenges persist despite some local successes with these strategies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19

2020

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In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic, some have wondered if the force of this global experience will solve the problem of vaccine refusal that has vexed and preoccupied the global public health community for the last several decades. Drawing on historical and epidemiological analyses, we critique contemporary approaches to reducing vaccine hesitancy and articulate our notion of vaccine confidence as an expanded way of conceptualizing the problem and how to respond to it. Intervening on the rush of vaccine optimism we see pervading present discourse around the COVID-19 epidemic, we call for a re-imagination of the culture of public health and the meaning of vaccine safety regulations. Public confidence in vaccination programs depends on the work they do for the community-social, political, and moral as well as biological. The concept of public health and its programs must be broader than the delivery of the vaccine technology itself. The narrative work and policy actions entailed in actualizing such changes will, we expect, be essential in achieving a true vaccine confidence, however the public reacts to the specific vaccine that may be developed for COVID-19.

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confidence: 99%

Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19

2020

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“…Vaccines play a key role in prevention and control of infectious disease transmission and have saved numerous people's lives since they were developed into industrial products [1,2]. Therefore, vaccines are argued to be the cornerstone of Ning Wang and Chunliu Wei have contributed equally to this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity

Wang

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2020

J Inorg Organomet Polym

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Vulnerability of respiratory mucosa to invasions of airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and avian viruses which sometimes cause a life-threatening epidemic and even pandemic, underscores significance of developing a pulmonary vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Herein, 30-nm aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), unlike the mostly used adjuvant alum which is unsuitable for delivering pulmonary vaccines due to side effects, proved able to act as a VADS fitting inhalation immunization to elicit wide-spread anti-antigen immunity. In vitro ANs facilitated cellular uptake of their cargos and, after pulmonary vaccination, induced mouse production of high levels of anti-antigen IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, nasal, bronchoalveolar and also vaginal fluids. Besides, IFN-γ and anti-antigen IgG2a enriched in immunized mice which meanwhile showed no obvious lung inflammation indicated balanced Th1/Th2 responses were safely induced. These outcomes suggest ANs may be an efficient pulmonary VADS for defending against pathogens, especially, the ones invading hosts via respiratory system. Graphic AbstractAluminum nanoparticles can safely induce humoral and cellular immunity at systemic and mucosal level through pulmonary vaccination to contrast the conventional adjuvant alum.

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“…While this approach has produced many successful vaccines (1, 2), the lack of vaccines to pathogens like HIV has suffered from our lack of knowledge of the fundamental biology of how B cells compete in vivo following immunization (3). Nearly all vaccines are thought to work by induction of protective antibody responses (4). There is increasing optimism that effective vaccine strategies for HIV might be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cells expressing authentic naive human VRC01-class BCRs can be primed and recruited to germinal centers in multiple independent mouse models

Huang

Abbott

Havenar-Daughton

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Animal models of human antigen-specific B cell receptors (BCR) generally depend on "inferred germline" sequences, and thus their relationship to authentic naive human B cell BCR sequences and affinities is unclear. Here, BCR sequences from authentic naive human VRC01-class B cells from healthy human donors were selected for the generation of three new BCR knock-in mice.The BCRs span the physiological range of affinities found in humans, and use three different light chains (VK3-20, VK1-5, and VK1-33) found among subclasses of naive human VRC01-class B cells and HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). The germline-targeting HIV immunogen eOD-GT8 60mer is currently in clinical trial as a candidate bnAb vaccine priming immunogen. To attempt to model human immune responses to the eOD-GT8 60mer, we tested each authentic naive human VRC01-class BCR mouse model under rare human physiological B cell precursor frequency conditions. B cells with high (HuGL18 HL ) or medium (HuGL17 HL ) affinity BCRs were primed, recruited to germinal centers, accrued substantial somatic hypermutation, and formed memory B cells. Precursor frequency and affinity interdependently influenced responses. Taken together, these experiments utilizing authentic naive human VRC01-class BCRs validate a central tenet of germline-targeting vaccine design and extend the overall concept of the reverse vaccinology approach to vaccine development.

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Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda

Cited by 155 publications

References 69 publications

Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19

Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19

Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity

B cells expressing authentic naive human VRC01-class BCRs can be primed and recruited to germinal centers in multiple independent mouse models

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