Immunization with a LEAPS™ heteroconjugate containing a CTL epitope and a peptide from beta-2-microglobulin elicits a protective and DTH response to herpes simplex virus type 1

Recent Progress in Herpes Simplex Virus Immunobiology and Vaccine Research

“…Immunized IgA knockout mice were not particularly susceptible to HSV-2 in a murine vaginal challenge model (220). The greater activity of therapeutic (260) and prophylactic HSV-2 vaccines in women than in men raises the possibility that the induction of mucosal antibody responses may be clinically important.…”

Th-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Chimeric Epitopes Extended by N ε -Palmitoyl Lysines Induce Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Specific Effector CD8 + Tc 1 Responses and Protect against Ocular Infection

“…While CD8 ϩ T cells are important effectors responsible for the clearance of herpes infections, CD4 ϩ T cells are required to help prime and sustain antiviral CD8 ϩ T-cell immunity (3,41,43). Consequently, an immunogenic formulation should be targeted towards inducing both CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T-cell populations (3,11,22,27,35,43).…”

A Small Peptide (CEL-1000) Derived from the β-Chain of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecule Induces Complete Protection against Malaria in an Antigen-Independent Manner

“…The five peptides used in this study included HEP17, a 25-aminoacid peptide (SFPMNEESPLGFSPEEMEAVASKFR) containing protective B and T epitopes from the P. yoelii hepatocyte-erythrocyte 17-kDa protein (3); J, a 16-amino-acid TCBL peptide (DLLKNGERIEKVEGGG) from human MHC-I ␤-2 microglobulin (5,18,20,26,27); CEL-1000, an 18-amino-acid TCBL peptide (DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG) from the second domain of the ␤ chain of the human MHC-II molecule (2,5,9,20,26,27); J-HEP17, a peptide containing amino acid sequences from the J and HEP17 peptides (DLLKNGERIEKVEG GG-SFPMNEESPLGFSPEEMEAVASKFR); and CEL-1000-HEP17, a peptide containing amino acid sequences from the CEL-1000 and HEP17 peptides (DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG-SFPMNEESPLGFSPEEMEAVASKFR). All peptides were synthesized by Biosource International (Hopkinville, Mass.)…”

“…Immunization of mice with a Mycobacterium antigen conjugated to various T-cell binding ligands (TCBLs) induced either Th1-or Th2-type antibody responses to the native epitope of the 38-kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, depending upon the TCBL used (26). The TCBL peptides have been shown to enhance the immunogenicities of antigenic epitopes, activate T cells, and direct the immune response to either a Th1-type antibody by use of a peptide (referred to as peptide J) from ␤-2 microglobulin or a Th2-type antibody by use of a peptide (referred to as peptide G) from the ␤ chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II) molecule and the immunogens (20,26,27). In other studies with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) model, heteroconjugate vaccines containing a T-cell epitope from HSV type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D and peptide J as the TCBLs have been shown to elicit Th1-type responses and protection against HSV-1 challenge (5,20).…”

“…The TCBL peptides have been shown to enhance the immunogenicities of antigenic epitopes, activate T cells, and direct the immune response to either a Th1-type antibody by use of a peptide (referred to as peptide J) from ␤-2 microglobulin or a Th2-type antibody by use of a peptide (referred to as peptide G) from the ␤ chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II) molecule and the immunogens (20,26,27). In other studies with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) model, heteroconjugate vaccines containing a T-cell epitope from HSV type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D and peptide J as the TCBLs have been shown to elicit Th1-type responses and protection against HSV-1 challenge (5,20). More recently, using a modified G called derG (the peptide that has now been renamed CEL-1000), we observed that, in contrast to the TCBL peptide G, CEL-1000 induced a human immunodeficiency virus Gag protein Th1-type antibody profile (IgG2a), with very low levels of antibodies to peptide J or derG (D. H. Zimmerman et al, unpublished observations).…”