Immuno-Modulatory Activity of Hot Water Extracts Isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Larvae through MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways in Macrophages

Abstract

Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (P. brevitarsis) larvae have traditionally been used in alternative medicine. Although various health benefits have been reported, the immunomodulatory effects of P. brevitarsis extract have so far been unknown. In this study, the immune-enhancing activities of P. brevitarsis larvae hot-water extract (PLW) were investigated using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The PLW did not exert cytotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 μg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of PLW increased the production of nitric oxide and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] at doses of 100, 200 μg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, treatment with PLW (100, 200 μg/mL) led to the increase of surface molecules (cluster of differentiation; CD80/86 and major histocompatibility complex; MHC-class Ⅰ/Ⅱ) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. These immunomodulatory effects of PLW were mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 MAPK) phosphorylation and nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation. In conclusion, these findings provide experimental evidence that PLW can be used as an immunity-enhancing nutraceutical ingredient.

Protective effects of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae against memory impairment in scopolamine-induced mice

“…흰점박이꽃무지의 생육단계는 알, 유충, 번데기, 성충으 로 나누어지는데, 이 중 식품원료로 사용되는 생육단계는 유충 시기이다 [13]. 흰점박이꽃무지는 간 보호 효과, 항혈전 개선 효 과, 항산화 활성, 항염증, 미백 효과, 항비만 효과, 면역 개선 효 과 등 다양한 체내 생리활성 연구가 보고되고 있다 [14][15][16][17][18]. 특 히 흰점박이꽃무지 에탄올 추출물은 lipopolysaccharide로 염증 반응이 유도된 미세아교세포에서 신경염증 억제 효과가 보고됨 에 따라 뇌 기능 개선 효능이 있을 것으로 사료된다 [19] 일어나는 특성을 가지며, 또한 세포내 항산화 기전들의 활성이 낮아 다른 조직에 비해 노화에 취약한 특징을 나타낸다 [38].…”

The Inhibitory Effects of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Larvae Extract on Human Platelet Aggregation and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Expression

“…Therefore, in an attempt to identify new antithrombosis drugs, we focused on the antiplatelet activity of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis extract (PBE) from larvae. P. brevitarsis larvae are used in ethnomedicine to combat liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatic cancer ( Yoo et al, 2022 ). In Korea, P. brevitarsis is registered as a food material by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, therefore, we evaluated PBE effects on platelet activity.…”