Immunoactive Effect of Gryllus bimaculatus on Macrophage Cells under Different Extraction Temperatures

Abstract

In this study, the immunoactive effect of Gryllus bimaculatus water extract (GBWE) on macrophages was investigated under various extraction temperature conditions. The study found that GBWE did not induce cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells within the tested concentration range. Treatment with GBWE under different extraction conditions resulted in an increase in cytokine secretion and nitric oxide production in the treated cells. Furthermore, the treatment with GBWE increased the expression of surface molecules, and GBWE-treated cells showed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B translocation. The experimental results suggest that GBWE exhibits immune-enhancing effects in macrophages. Notably, these effects were observed even in GBWE extracted at low temperatures (5℃ and 25℃) without exposure to high temperatures (75℃) typically used for extraction. These findings suggest that GBWE has the potential to be used as an alternative protein source and functional food material with immunostimulatory properties.