Immunoassay of C-reactive protein by hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence at polystyrene-carbon black composite electrodes

Salminen, Kalle; Grönroos, Päivi; Eskola, J.; Nieminen, Eemi; Härmä, Harri; Kulmala, Sakari

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.016

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…CB was used as an additive to increase the resin content of the binder pitch for an aluminum electrode. CB has been shown to enhance the release of volatile compounds and to act as a nucleation point in polymerization [22][23][24]. These properties can be applied to improve binder pitch properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Volume Expansion and Porosity in Carbon Block by Carbon Black (CB) Addition for Increasing Thermal Conductivity

et al. 2020

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The graphite block as a phase change materials (PCMs) was manufactured by graphitization of a carbon block. Carbon blocks were prepared by filler (cokes or graphite) and binder (pitch). The binder-coated filler was thermally treated for carbonization. The gases generated from the evaporation of low molecular weight components in the binder pitch during the carbonization process were not released to the outside. Consequently, porosity and volume expansion were increased in artificial graphite, and thereby the thermal conductivity decreased. In this study, to prevent the decrease of thermal conductivity in the artificial graphite due to the disadvantages of binder pitch, the carbon block was prepared by the addition of carbon black, which can absorb low molecular weight compounds and release the generated gas. The properties of the prepared carbon blocks were analyzed by SEM, TGA, and thermal conductivity. The addition of carbon black (CB) decreased the porosity and volume expansion of the carbon blocks by 38.3% and 65.9%, respectively, and increased the thermal conductivity by 57.1%. The CB absorbed the low molecular weight compounds of binder pitch and induced the release of generated gases during the carbonization process to decrease porosity, and the thermal conductivity of the carbon block increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Volume Expansion and Porosity in Carbon Block by Carbon Black (CB) Addition for Increasing Thermal Conductivity

et al. 2020

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“…Various luminophores (e.g., Tb(III) chelates), organic fluorophores and Ru(bpy) 3 2+ have been studied when HECL excitation mechanisms and new electrode materials have been developed [11,12,13,14]. Tb(III) chelates have been the main label in bioaffinity assays of C-reactive protein [4,11,13,15], β 2 ‑Microglobulin [16] and human thyroid stimulating hormone [12,17,18]. Some aromatic Tb(III) chelates exhibit high emission intensity and a relatively long luminescence lifetime which enables time-resolved detection and the use of materials generating relatively high background emission during cathodic excitation pulses in real-world assays, such as, oxide-covered aluminum electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulating polymer material surrounds the carbon black particles and enables electrons to be transported through the thin composite layer with very low IR-loss, and finally hot electrons to be emitted at the electrode/solution interface. The main advantage of these novel electrodes over traditional insulating thin-film covered electrodes is their insensitivity to composite layer thickness and composition of the film [9,15,21,22]. Compared to thin insulating film-coated electrode materials, such as aluminum or silicon, composite electrodes are found to have a more stable and reproducible HECL output in a wider pH range, and most importantly, without considerable background emission [15,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main advantage of these novel electrodes over traditional insulating thin-film covered electrodes is their insensitivity to composite layer thickness and composition of the film [9,15,21,22]. Compared to thin insulating film-coated electrode materials, such as aluminum or silicon, composite electrodes are found to have a more stable and reproducible HECL output in a wider pH range, and most importantly, without considerable background emission [15,23,24]. Our research group has studied a few different composite electrode materials and found that the combination of (i) carbon black as a conductive material and (ii) polystyrene or ethyl cellulose as insulating binder materials is one of the best composite material to obtain a polymer layer doped with small conducting particles [15,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polystyrene is one of the most commonly used supportive substrate material in a wide variety of bioanalytical protocols, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and fluoroimmunoassays [15]. We have also studied cellulose derivatives to explore more environmentally friendly composite cathode materials and found ethyl cellulose to be a very suitable insulating material for composite film-coated cathodes [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoassays Based on Hot Electron-Induced Electrochemiluminescence at Disposable Cell Chips with Printed Electrodes

Grönroos

Nur-E-Habiba

Salminen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Novel hot electron-emitting working electrodes and conventional counter electrodes were created by screen printing. Thus, low-cost disposable electrode chips for bioaffinity assays were produced to replace our older expensive electrode chips manufactured by manufacturing techniques of electronics from silicon or on glass chips. The present chips were created by printing as follows: (i) silver lines provided the electronic contacts, counter electrode and the bottom of the working electrode and counter electrode, (ii) the composite layer was printed on appropriate parts of the silver layer, and (iii) finally a hydrophobic ring was added to produce the electrochemical cell boundaries. The applicability of these electrode chips in bioaffinity assays was demonstrated by an immunoassay of human C-reactive protein (i) using Tb(III) chelate label displaying long-lived hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence (HECL) and (ii) now for the first time fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was utilized as an a low-cost organic label displaying a short-lived HECL in a real-world bioaffinity assay.

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Hot Electron‐induced Electrochemiluminescence with Dimethyl Silicone Oil Coated Electrode for the Determination of Puerarin

et al. 2021

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The development of the hot electron-induced cathodic electrochemiluminescence (HECL) often accompanied with the advance in the electrode materials and instruments. In this work, dimethyl silicone oil was employed as the coating layer for initiating the HECL. The insulating layer was obtained by simple drop casting and subsequent polishing, which could withstand high voltage and meet the requirement of HECL. With the asprepared interface, the quantitative detection of puerarin in the aqueous solution was achieved based on the quenching effect on the SO 4 *À .

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Immunoassay of C-reactive protein by hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence at polystyrene-carbon black composite electrodes

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

The Control of Volume Expansion and Porosity in Carbon Block by Carbon Black (CB) Addition for Increasing Thermal Conductivity

The Control of Volume Expansion and Porosity in Carbon Block by Carbon Black (CB) Addition for Increasing Thermal Conductivity

Immunoassays Based on Hot Electron-Induced Electrochemiluminescence at Disposable Cell Chips with Printed Electrodes

Hot Electron‐induced Electrochemiluminescence with Dimethyl Silicone Oil Coated Electrode for the Determination of Puerarin

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