Immunoassay of total prostate-specific antigen using europium(III) nanoparticle labels and streptavidin–biotin technology

Detection of Anthrax Toxin by an Ultrasensitive Immunoassay Using Europium Nanoparticles

“…This is not surprising, given the large surface area of NPs, the capacity to coat a large number of molecules and the huge content of Eu ϩ ions in a single NP, and in particular, the unique characteristic that the time-resolved lanthanide chelates do not self-quench even when they are used at high millimolar concentrations (5). In addition, Huhtinen et al reported that with the use of SA-coated NPs and biotinylated antibody, the steric hindrance caused by the antibody-coated NPs in immunometric sandwich assays can be resolved when the analyte is structurally complex (9). These unique characteristics indicate that Eu ϩ NPs, especially SA-coated NPs, may be more useful than Eu ϩ chelates in the development of assays with high amplification ratios and extremely high sensitivities.…”

Multiple Fluorescent Labeling of Silica Nanoparticles with Lanthanide Chelates for Highly Sensitive Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assays

“…In such a system, a carrier molecule such as streptavidin (SA) (8 ) or a polymeric compound (11,12 ) carrying hundreds of europium chelates is used to label antibody for highly sensitive TRF immunoassays. A breakthrough to further boost the multiple-labeling strategy is the development of nanoparticles containing thousands of fluorescent lanthanide chelates for TRF immunoassays (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). These nanoparticles are conjugated to SA or antibody to create a detection reagent, which allows direct measurement of fluorescence from the nanoparticles.…”

Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

“…But not only is not sufficient for the qualitative determination of the correct results therefore reveal its high sensitivity due to the sensitivity of a combined electrochemical immunoassays permit designed to provide a more accurate result. Advantages brought by nanotechnology in recent years began to develop nanoparticle-based Immunosensors thus increase the signal trace of biomarkers to identify and obtain a more precise measurement is possible (Georganopoulou et al, 2005;Huhtinen et al, 2004;Jain, 2005, Liu et al, 2006, Nam et al, 2003 . Then, immunochromatographic/electrochemical biosensor prepare, the system includes immunochromatographic strip and this strip is composed of three parts; sample loading area, the second part of the anti-PSA-QD loaded contact area, the third of the area consists of covalently bound anti-PSA to Screen Printed electrodes were placed under the test area.…”