Immunobiotics mechanisms of action and prospects of use in veterinary medicine

Abstract

Probiotics are becoming more and more common means of combating intestinal diseases of various origins: infectious pathologies, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders. The complex action, coupled with low side effects, makes probiotics promising drugs, especially in veterinary medicine, with an increasing trend towards the inefficient use of antibiotics in the livestock industry. One of the main mechanisms of probiotics action - modulation of host immunity - is perhaps the most difficult and, at the same time, the most actively studied since it is crucial for therapy. Immunobiotics (probiotics that modulate the host's immune response) interact with various innate and adaptive immune cells, changing the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This action is provided by both the cellular components of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites and is primarily associated with the host's immunocompetent cells' pattern-recognition receptors, although other molecular mechanisms also exist. This review aims to briefly describe both the molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics and the prospects for their use in veterinary medicine.

Influence of the type of housing on the intestinal microflora of layers and broilers

“…A reasonably large number of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus (1.1 ± 0.07 • 10 5 -2.5 ± 0.09 • 10 5 CFU/g) was observed in the microbiota of chickens of OJSC Poultry Farm Belokalitvinskaya. Morphologically, four types of colonies were distinguished, coinciding from sample to sample, which gives us the right to assume that these bacilli are an integral part of the microbiota of birds of this poultry farm [23,24].…”

Formulación probiótica derivada de cepas nativas de perro usada como complemento en el tratamiento de enfermedades gastrointestinales de mascotas.

“…Por otro lado, los resultados de la expresión relativa de los RRP sugieren que el receptor TLR2 podría reconocer los patrones moleculares de TUCO-17 que son principalmente responsables de la respuesta anti-inflamatoria, y el receptor NOD1 podría reconocer la cepa TUCO-4 encargada de una respuesta pro-inflamatoria, siendo la formulación multicepa una estrategia prometedora que puedan lograr tanto la memoria inmunológica como la tolerancia. Los resultados también sugieren que los receptores evaluados no estarían involucrados en el reconocimiento de TUCO-16, siendo el reconocimiento y activación de estos receptores sólo durante los días de tratamiento con los probióticos (Refeld et al, 2020;Fernández-García et al, 2021).…”