Immunocamouflaged RBC for Alloimmunized Patients

Scott, Mark D.; Toyofuku, Wendy M.; Yang, Xining; raj, M. Durai; Kang, Ning

doi:10.5772/intechopen.68647

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This suggests that mPEG is covalently grafted to the protein of feline A-antigenic recognition sites and inhibits the antigenicity of feline A-type RBCs. On the other hand, while previous studies have shown the successful fabrication of human RBCs with mPEG of 20-30 kDa [12], the present study revealed that feline RBCs could be fabricated successfully using mPEG with molecular weights of 10-40 kDa. This suggests the fabrication conditions of mPEG for RBCs may be different among species.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Production of Feline Universal Erythrocytes with Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol

Kim,

Ahn,

Jang

et al. 2023

JFB

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Blood group mismatch in veterinary medicine is a significant problem in blood transfusion, sometimes leading to severe transfusion reactions and even patient death. Blood groups vary from species to species and there are three known blood groups in cats: A, B and AB. While A-type cats are most common, there is a shortage of feline B-type blood groups in cats. By using methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) to protect antigenic epitopes on red blood cells (RBCs), we aimed to find the optimal conditions for the production of feline universal RBCs. The surfaces of feline A-type RBCs were treated with mPEG at various molecular weights and concentrations. Agglutination tests showed that the coating of feline A-type RBCs with mPEG of 20 kDa and 2 mM blocked hemagglutination to feline anti-A alloantibodies over 8 h. While no differences in RBC size and shape between intact and mPEG-treated RBCs were seen, coating RBCs with mPEG inhibited the binding of feline anti-A alloantibodies. Furthermore, the mPEG-treated RBCs did not cause spontaneous hemolysis or osmotic fragility, compared to control RBCs. According to a monocyte monolayer assay, mPEG treatment significantly reduced feline anti-A antibody-mediated phagocystosis of RBCs. These results confirm the potential of using activated mPEG on feline A-type RBC to create universal erythrocytes for transfusion to B-type cats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Treatment of mPEG on feline RBCs was carried out as described previously [ 11 ]. The molecular weights of mPEG were chosen based on previous human RBC studies [ 12 ]. In brief, whole blood was first centrifuged to discard plasma and then washed 3 times with saline at 3000 rpm for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Feline Universal Erythrocytes with Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol

Kim,

Ahn,

Jang

et al. 2023

JFB

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“…Based on our previous studies, platelets were PEGylated using a semi-automated PEGylation device to maintain a constant platelet:polymer ratio (Figure 2) in a micromixing chamber to assure uniform polymer grafting [50,52,56,71]. Platelets were modified with monofunctional (i.e.…”

Section: Polymer Engineering Of Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of mPEG-platelets and the SVAmPEG reaction scheme and grafting efficacy. Panel A: semiautomated PEGylation device allowing for control of the mPEG:platelet ratio for uniform grafting levels[71]. Panels B and C: the structure (B) and reaction scheme (C) for activated SVA-mPEG.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryoprotection of Platelets by Grafted Polymers

Scott¹,

Nakane²,

Maurer‐Spurej³

2020

Cryopreservation - Current Advances and Evaluations

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Unlike red blood cells (RBC) which are stored at 4°C, platelets are stored at 22-24°C (room temperature) due to biophysical and biochemical changes induced by cold temperatures aggregately known as the 'cold storage lesion' (CSL). However, 22°C storage greatly increases the risk of microbial growth, thus limiting the safe storage of platelets to only 5-7 days (versus 42 days for RBC). Consequent to the short shelf life of platelets, blood services face chronic shortages of these life-saving cells. To overcome both the risk of microbial contamination and the constrained supplies of platelets, renewed research into attenuating the CSL and/or determining where cold stored platelets are clinically suitable are ongoing. In this chapter, we show that the covalent grafting of methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG), a biocompatible polymer, to the membrane of platelets attenuates the CSL. Moreover, the grafted mPEG serves as a potent cryoprotectant allowing platelets to be stored at 4°C, or frozen at −20°C, while retaining normal platelet counts and biologic function. The successful development of platelet PEGylation may provide a means by which the cold storage of platelets can be achieved with a minimal loss of platelet quality while improving both platelet microbial safety and inventory.

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Pegylation, a Successful Strategy to Address the Storage and Instability Problems of Blood Products: Review 2011-2021

Alam

Varshney

Kaur

et al. 2024

CPB

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Depression is one of the most challenging diseases for society to treat. It is a highly prevalent and disabling illness in the general population. Affective disorders are characterised by depressed mood, diminished interest and pleasure, feelings of guilt or poor self-worth, sleep or food difficulties, decreased energy, and impaired attention. This manuscript will look at depression from a behavioural analytic perspective. The pathogenesis of major depressive disorder is poorly understood. Several lines of experimental and clinical evidence, however, show that the therapeutic effect of most antidepressant drugs is related to an increase in 5-HT-mediated neurotransmission. Alternative techniques, however, are employed to obtain this net effect. A better understanding of the neurological mechanism underpinning antidepressant drugs' delayed onset of action has resulted in the development of ways to accelerate antidepressant responses, which are discussed further below. Many antidepressant medications on the market today are beneficial, but they come with many downsides, including unpleasant side effects, potential interactions, and a low response rate. Natural drugs, on the other hand, are extremely effective, have a low risk, and a limited amount of side effects, which are covered briefly in this paper. Alternative modalities of administration have received a lot of attention in recent decades as a complement to approved prescription pharmaceuticals, especially for people who cannot tolerate oral or parenteral methods. The most promising non-invasive systemic delivery techniques are transdermal and transbronchial administration, and these are the focus of this research.

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Immunocamouflaged RBC for Alloimmunized Patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 68 publications

Production of Feline Universal Erythrocytes with Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol

Production of Feline Universal Erythrocytes with Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol

Cryoprotection of Platelets by Grafted Polymers

Pegylation, a Successful Strategy to Address the Storage and Instability Problems of Blood Products: Review 2011-2021

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