Immunochemical analysis of trichothecenes produced by various fusaria

Park, Joungjoa; Chu, Fun Sun

doi:10.1007/bf01104075

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Much higher T-2 levels (up to 6 mg/ml or 1,300 mg/kg) have been reported being produced by F. Fig. 2 The amounts of type-A trichothecenes in relation to T-2 produced by F. sporotrichioides (F. sporo) and F. langsethiae (F. lang) on the rice-flour assay during 7 days' cultivation sporotrichioides on cereal based substrates (Marasas et al 1987;Park and Chu 1993). The differences in the levels measured are likely to be due to different culture conditions and incubation periods as well as of differing toxigenic potential of the fungal isolates investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition to the studies revealing the qualitative metabolite profiles, only a few reports exist on the quantitative toxin production of F. sporotrichioides and especially of F. langsethiae, and the factors influencing the synthesis. The trichothecene production of F. sporotrichioides has been investigated earlier on cereal-based media such as maize kernels, rice and wheat grains, as well as liquid media containing soya and corn adsorbed to a solid support (Marasas et al 1987;Mateo et al 2002;Park and Chu 1993). High levels of trichothecenes, particularly of T-2, were produced under the conditions applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mycotoxin production of Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium sporotrichioides on cereal-based substrates

2011

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The present study investigated and compared the mycotoxin production of two Fusarium species, F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae, isolated from grain samples. Fusarium strains were cultivated at 25°C for 7 days on two types of solid media, i.e. rice-flour and cereal-flour agar. Toxins produced were measured after the incubation period with a multi-mycotoxin method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae synthesised type-A trichothecenes, i.e. T-2 and HT-2 toxins, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and neosolaniol (NEO). In addition, both species could be verified as beauvericin producers. The toxin production occurred in both cereal-based assays but was more predominant on the carbohydrate-rich rice-flour medium. The two species were potent producers of T-2 toxin, the highest amounts measured being at a level of 20,000 μg/kg after 7 days' incubation. Differences between the species were observed regarding the quantitative production of the other trichothecenes: F. sporotrichioides was a more prolific producer of HT-2 toxin and beauvericin, whereas F. langsethiae produced higher amounts of DAS and NEO. On rice-flour assay, the toxin production was monitored during the growth period. The production started rapidly at an early growth phase and several toxins could be detected already after the 1st day of incubation, the highest concentrations being at mg/kg level. The results also indicated that the biosynthesis by F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae shifted towards the other type-A trichothecenes at the expense of T-2 toxin at the end of the cultivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mycotoxin production of Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium sporotrichioides on cereal-based substrates

2011

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“…Hydroxylase and esterase enzymes in the fungus, however, play an important role in determining the multiplicity of TCTCs produced by various fungi (Anon, 1983;Ueno, 1983;Baldwin et al, 1986;Beeton & Bull, 1989;Swanson & Corley, 1989;Udell & Dewick, 1989;Desjardins et al, 1993;Miller & Trenholm, 1994). In a previous study (Park & Chu, 1993), it was found that T-2 toxin was converted to more polar metabolites after prolonged incubation of various F. sporotrichioides strains. Further studies led to the discovery of the multiplicity of the esterases involved in such conversion (Park, 1995).…”

Section: Immunochemical Studies Of An Esterase From Fusarium Sporotrimentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunochemical studies of an esterase fromFusarium sporotrichioides

Park

Chu

1996

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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Polyclonal antibodies against the 68 kDa esterase of Fusarium sporotrichioides were produced by immunizing rabbits with the enzyme, which had been partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange chromatography and gel electroelution. The antiserum was further purified by passage through an affinity column armed with proteins obtained from the affinity chromatography step, having immunoreactivity but containing no enzyme activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibodies obtained after the subtractive affinity chromatography purification reacted primarily with one protein band corresponding to esterase type III, at around 68 KDa, and some other minor protein bands when large amounts of the crude extracts were used. Using the purified antibodies, an indirect ELISA for the quantification of esterase type III was established. A good correlation (r = 0.8, Ρ = 0.04) was found between the ELISA data of esterase III amount and the enzyme activities in the crude extracts. The increased activities of fungal esterase with the prolonged incubation from 5 to 35 days were found to be due to an increase in esterase production. High temperature (25°C) was preferred for the enzyme production and enhanced esterase activity.

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“…T-2 toxin is produced at a wide temperature range (0 °C to 32 °C), with maximum production at temperatures below 15 °C (13,(21)(22)(23). Namely, F. sporotrichioides has a low optimal temperature (6 °C to 12 °C) for T-2 toxin production and can produce this mycotoxin during overwintering under a snow cover in the field and/or during storage (24)(25)(26). Among all grains tested so far, corn, wheat, barley, oat, and rye are most frequently contaminated with this mycotoxin (3).…”

Section: Natural Occurrence In Grain and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

Sokolović¹,

Garaj-Vrhovac²,

Šimpraga³

2008

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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T-2 toxin is the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin. It is the secondary metabolite of the Fusarium fungi, and is common in grain and animal feed. Toxic effects have been shown both in experimental animals and in livestock. It has been implicated in several outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses. Toxic effects in poultry include inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis, cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, cell lesions in the digestive tract, organs and skin, neural disturbances and low performance in poultry production (decreased weight gain, egg production, and hatchability). Concentrations of T-2 toxin in feed are usually low, and its immunosuppressive effects and secondary infections often make diagnosis difficult. If at the onset of the disease, a change in diet leads to health and performance improvements in animals, this may point to mycotoxin poisoning. Regular control of grain and feed samples is a valuable preventive measure, and it is accurate only if representative samples are tested. This article reviews the incidence and toxic effects of T-2 toxin in poultry.

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Immunochemical analysis of trichothecenes produced by various fusaria

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Mycotoxin production of Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium sporotrichioides on cereal-based substrates

Mycotoxin production of Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium sporotrichioides on cereal-based substrates

Immunochemical studies of an esterase fromFusarium sporotrichioides

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

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