Immunochemical Methods for Ochratoxin A Detection: A Review

Abstract

The safety of food and feed depends to a great deal on quality control. Numerous compounds and organisms may contaminate food and feed commodities and thus pose a health risk for consumers. The compound of interest in this review is ochratoxin A (OTA), a secondary metabolite of the fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium . Due to its adverse health effects, detection and quantification are of utmost importance. Quality control of food and feed requires extraction and analysis, including TLC, HPLC, MS, and immunochemical methods. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. However, with regard to costs and rapidity, immunochemical methods have gained much interest in the last decade. In this review an introduction to immunochemistry and assay design will be given to elucidate the principles. Further, the application of the various formats to the detection and quantification of ochratoxin will be described, including the use of commercially available kits.

Electrochemiluminescence biosensor for ultrasensitive determination of ochratoxin A in corn samples based on aptamer and hyperbranched rolling circle amplification

“…Toxicology studies show that OTA has nephrotoxicity, hepatic and immune toxicity, and can cause teratogenic effects to a wide variety of mammalian species (Duarte et al, 2004;Lühe et al, 2003). Currently, the most widely applied methods for OTA detection rely on chromatographic approaches (Tessini et al, 2010) and immunoassays (Meulenberg, 2012). Particularly, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Pittet and Royer, 2002), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Ghali et al, 2008) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Liu et al, 2008) are recommended by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists and European Commission.…”

Stoffmonographie Ochratoxin A

“…Ein auf den genannten Prinzipien beruhendes und bis in den Bereich der umweltbedingten Hintergrundbelastung messendes Standardverfahren zur Bestimmung von OTA wurde kürzlich von der Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe der DFG veröffentlicht [79]. Alternative Analysenmethoden sind der Radioimmunoassay (RIA) oder Enzymimmunoassays (EIA) [80]. Dabei zeigt der aktuelle Vergleich eines HPLC-Verfahrens mit einem OTA-EIA eine zufriedenstellende Korrelation (r 2 =0,768) der mit beiden Verfahren gemessenen Werte [81].…”

Ultrasensitive and quantitative gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of ochratoxin A in agro-products

“…Ochratoxins are secondary metabolites and a group of mycotoxins produced by several fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium families. Ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the most abundant and toxic members of this group [1], is produced by Penicillium verrucosum, Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger [2]. This fungal toxin has nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic properties and has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [3].…”