Immunocompromised patients and their pets: Still best friends?

Elad, D.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.042

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Immunocompromised pet owners are at greater risk for certain zoonotic infections, often manifesting more severe illness than immunocompetent persons (Elad, ). Published case series describe invasive disease caused by zoonotic bacterial pathogens, with cirrhosis of the liver noted repeatedly as a risk factor for invasive infection (Weber et al., ; Christidou et al., ) , but no data have been published regarding proportion of infections that are isolated from usually sterile sites, compared with the total number of isolates, including those from the more common soft tissue infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The health benefits of pet ownership are clear, but awareness of the associated risk for zoonotic diseases, particularly among vulnerable populations, is needed. Recommendations for pet acquisition and ownership by immunocompromised persons have been published, including having a potential new pet examined by a veterinarian before adoption and regularly thereafter, careful handling of pet waste, frequent handwashing and refraining from face and mouth contact with the animal (Elad, ). More specific health education of the chronically ill and their caregivers including (i) careful hand hygiene by all caregivers, particularly pet owners; (ii) avoid pets licking wounds; and (iii) to thoroughly wash wounds if they are licked by the pet could prevent additional infections, particularly in persons with open wounds or indwelling medical devices, which could serve as entry portals for infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasive Pasteurella multocida Infections – Report of Five Cases at a Minnesota Hospital, 2014

Talley

Snippes-Vagnone

Smith

2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Summary During October 2014, the Minnesota Department of Health was notified of five Hospital A patients with Pasteurella multocida bacteraemia; three had died. Human soft tissue infection with P. multocida typically results from cat or dog bites or scratches. Invasive infection, defined as a P. multocida isolate from a usually sterile site, is rare. We evaluated P. multocida isolations at Hospital A, compared with other Minnesota hospitals to understand invasive infection trends. A case was defined as clinically confirmed P. multocida in a Minnesota resident during 2012–2014. All hospital laboratories were queried; Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison. Medical charts were reviewed for 2014 Hospital A patients with P. multocida infections. The Minnesota clinical laboratories survey response rate was 79% (63/80). At Hospital A, proportion of P. multocida isolates from usually sterile sites increased from 0% (0/2) during 2012 to 11% (1/9) during 2013, and to 86% (5/6) during 2014. The proportion of patients with P. multocida isolated from sterile sites was 35% (6/17) at Hospital A compared with 10% (58/583) statewide during 2012–2014 combined (P < 0.05). Among 2014 Hospital A patients with invasive P. multocida infection, all five were men; median age was 70 (range: 44–78) years. Four were temporally clustered within a 33-day period; three of those had bacteraemia on admission, making hospital acquisition possible in only one. Among five bacteraemia patients, four had cirrhosis and/or skin ulcerations, and three died. The proportion of invasive P. multocida cases was substantially higher at Hospital A during 2014. No epidemiologic links between patients were found. Three had known pet exposure. Collaborative educational efforts of chronically ill pet owners by physicians and veterinarians can acknowledge the health benefits of pet ownership, while minimizing risk for serious invasive zoonotic infections, including those caused by P. multocida.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Pasteurella multocida Infections – Report of Five Cases at a Minnesota Hospital, 2014

Talley

Snippes-Vagnone

Smith

2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Dermatophytosis is a common skin disease in immunocompromised people; however, literature review found that the primary pathogen of concern was Trichophyton rubrum , not M. canis . Reports of M. canis infection were limited to single case reports of tinea capitis, pseudomycetoma or mycetoma and were summarized in three reviews Two studies were reviews of patients with M. canis; of the 21 cases, animal contact was confirmed in 7 of 21 . None of the patients died from the dermatophyte infection and the disease was treatable with the most common complication being prolonged treatment.…”

Section: Zoonotic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats.

Moriello

Coyner²,

Paterson

et al. 2017

Veterinary Dermatology

230

147

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Background -Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal skin disease of cats and dogs. The most common pathogens of small animals belong to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. It is an important skin disease because it is contagious, infectious and can be transmitted to people.Objectives -The objective of this document is to review the existing literature and provide consensus recommendations for veterinary clinicians and lay people on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in cats and dogs. Conclusions -No one diagnostic test was identified as the gold standard. Successful treatment requires concurrent use of systemic oral antifungals and topical disinfection of the hair coat. Wood's lamp and direct examinations have good positive and negative predictability, systemic antifungal drugs have a wide margin of safety and physical cleaning is most important for decontamination of the exposed environments. Finally, serious complications of animal-human transmission are exceedingly rare. Methods - Clinical Consensus GuidelinesClinical Consensus Guidelines (CCGs) provide the veterinary community with current information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of commonly encountered dermatological conditions. The World Association for Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members possessing the expertise to draft the Clinical Consensus Guidelines, and any other aspects required to assure the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible, however when such evidence does not exist then expert opinions would be utilized by the members of the panel. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by a presentation of the guidelines at major national and/or international veterinary meetings. Access to the guidelines will be available on the WAVD web site. Solicitation for input from WAVD member organizations and affiliate and provisional member groups will result in the incorporation of this feedback into the guidelines. The final CCG manuscript will be submitted to the Veterinary Dermatology journal, where it is reviewed and edited before publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements.

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“…In addition, people should avoid eating uncooked food, contact with baby cats and unvaccinated animals, and contact with hospitals and sick people [15]. It is important take into account that immunocompromised pet owners are at risk of contracting infections caused by zoonotic pathogens; the consequences of this are often much more severe than in immunocompetent people and may be lethal [53]. As a result, the relationships between veterinarians, physicians, and patients is important; in physicians' advice to their patients, they must comment about their immunosuppression because veterinarians should take additional precautions [54].…”

Section: Lifestyle Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections with biological therapy: strategies for risk minimization in tropical and developing countries

Pérez-Díaz

Uribe-Pardo

Calixto

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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In recent decades, biological therapy has enabled disease activity control and improved quality of life in patients with autoimmune diseases. These therapies that are involved in immune response modifications and change multiple immunological pathways induce an incremental risk for certain infectious diseases. Though there have been recent advances in risk assessment for biological therapy, there is a lack of data and recommendations for assessing risks in populations with high prevalence of infectious diseases, such as those located in tropical areas and developing countries. We performed a review on infections with biological therapy as well strategies for risk minimization in areas with a high prevalence of tropical diseases.

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Immunocompromised patients and their pets: Still best friends?

Cited by 29 publications

References 93 publications

Invasive Pasteurella multocida Infections – Report of Five Cases at a Minnesota Hospital, 2014

Invasive Pasteurella multocida Infections – Report of Five Cases at a Minnesota Hospital, 2014

Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats.

Infections with biological therapy: strategies for risk minimization in tropical and developing countries

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