Immunocytochemical Characterization of AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor Subunits: Laminar and Compartmental Distribution in Macaque Striate Cortex

Carder, Renee K.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-09-03352.1997

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Our results differ from the report of Carder (1997) in both the cellular and the laminar localization of GluR2/3 expression. At the cellular level, GluR2/3 was observed in a predominant neuropil staining, whereas we discovered a major pyramidal somatic staining in all areas examined.…”

Section: Correlation With Co-rich Compartments In V1 and V2contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The cellular location of GluR2/3 immunoreactivity in our study, however, is in accordance with additional studies using similar antibodies in various animals (Martin et al, 1993a,b;Vickers et al, 1993;Ginsberg et al, 1995;Kohama and Urbanski, 1997). Carder (1997) reported dense staining in layers IVA, IVC, and VI within area V1 at the laminar distribution level, with modest staining in layers II/III, IVB, and V, suggesting that the layers innervated by afferents from the lateral geniculate nucleus are rich in GluR2/3. In the present study, however, layers II/III, IVB, and VI were stained intensely.…”

Section: Correlation With Co-rich Compartments In V1 and V2supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although we both observed a patch-like distribution of GluR2/3 immunoreactivity in layer II /III of area V1 coinciding with CO-rich blobs, the cellular observations differed greatly. We compared the experimental procedures in Carder's (1997) and our studies, but could not find any major methodological difference. Carder used M. fascicularis, and we used mostly M. fuscata.…”

Section: Correlation With Co-rich Compartments In V1 and V2mentioning

confidence: 83%

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Distribution of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate‐type glutamate receptor subunits (GluR2/3) along the ventral visual pathway in the monkey

Tanigawa

Fujita

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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By using immunohistochemical methods, we examined the distribution of cells expressing subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptors (GluR2/3) in the cortical areas of the occipitotemporal pathway in monkeys. GluR2/3-immunoreactive (-ir) cells were primarily pyramidal cells; this category, however, also included large stellate cells in layer IVB of the striate cortex (V1) and fusiform cells in layer VI of all the areas examined. GluR2/3 immunoreactivity differed among the areas in laminar distribution and intensity. In V1, GluR2/3-ir cells were identified mainly in layers II, III, IVB, and VI. The prestriate areas V2 and V4 and the inferior temporal areas TEO and TE contained GluR2/3-ir cells in layers II, III, and VI. In the TE, GluR2/3-ir cells were also abundant in layer V. In area 36 of the perirhinal cortex, neurons in layers II, III, V, and VI were labeled in a similar manner to the TE labeling, but with greater staining intensity and numbers, especially in layer V. Thus, GluR2/3 immunoreactivity increased rostrally along the pathway. Within V1 and V2, cells strongly stained for GluR2/3 formed clusters that colocalized with cytochrome oxidase (CO)-rich regions. These distinct laminar and regional distribution patterns of GluR2/3 expression may contribute to the specific physiological properties of neurons within various visual areas and compartments.

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Section: Correlation With Co-rich Compartments In V1 and V2contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlation With Co-rich Compartments In V1 and V2supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Correlation With Co-rich Compartments In V1 and V2mentioning

confidence: 83%

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Distribution of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate‐type glutamate receptor subunits (GluR2/3) along the ventral visual pathway in the monkey

Tanigawa

Fujita

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Thus, K axons, which terminate preferentially in the CO-blobs of layer III, must target the spines of either local layer III pyramidal cells or apical dendrites of pyramidal cells arising from cells in layer V (Ding and Casagrande, 1998). Regardless, it is clear that the ultimate impact of each of the LGN signals will depend upon knowing whether cells postsynaptic to M, P, and K LGN axons have similar or different types of glutamate receptors (Carder, 1997).…”

Section: Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical comparison of synaptic arrangements of parvocellular, magnocellular, and koniocellular geniculate pathways in owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) visual cortex

Shostak

Ding

Casagrande

2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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As in other primates, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of owl monkeys contains three anatomically and physiologically distinct relay cell classes, the magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and koniocellular (K) cells. M and P LGN cells send axons to the upper and lower tiers of layer IV, and K cells send axons to the cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs of layer III and to layer I of primary visual cortex (V1). Our objective was to compare the synaptic arrangements made by these axon classes. M, P, and K axons were labeled in adult owl monkeys by means of injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the appropriate LGN layers. The neurochemical content of both pre- and postsynaptic profiles were identified by postembedding immunocytochemistry for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Our key finding is that the synaptic arrangements made by M, P, and K axons in owl monkey exhibit more similarities than differences. They are exclusively presynaptic, contain glutamate and form asymmetric synapses mainly with glutamate-positive dendritic spines. The majority of the remaining axons synapse with glutamatergic dendritic shafts. There are also differences between LGN pathways. M and P terminals are significantly larger and more likely to make multiple synapses than K axons, although M and P axons do not differ from each other in either of these characteristics. Of interest, a larger percentage of M and K axons than P axons make synapses with GABAergic dendritic shafts. Cells directly postsynaptic to M and K axons are known to exhibit orientation selectivity and, in some cases, direction selectivity. Cells postsynaptic to P axons do not show these properties, but instead tend to reflect their LGN inputs more faithfully; therefore, it is possible that these physiologic differences seen in the cortical cells postsynaptic to different LGN pathways reflect the differential involvement of inhibitory circuits.

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“…In ad d ition, a nonlinear d istribution of mitochond rial-rich CO blobs, w ith increased enzyme activity, can be id entified in the V1. These blobs ca n also be revealed by d iverse labeling techniques such as increased expression of N -methyl-D-asp artate (N MDA) or -am ino-5-hyd roxy-3-m ethyl-4-isoxazole p rop ionic acid (AMPA) recep tors, and increased activity glutam ate or ATPase, am ong others (Card er & H end ry, 1994;Card er, 1997;Wong-Riley, And erson, Liebl, & H u ang, 1998). Besid es, CO blobs appear to be com mon to all primates (Preuss & Kaas, 1996).…”

Section: Mitochon D Rial Cytochrome Oxid Ase-rich Blobs An D Color Rementioning

confidence: 96%

Theoretical Implications on Visual (Color) Representation and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs

Bókkon¹,

Vimal²

2013

Act Nerv Super

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The rich concentration of mitochond rial cytochrome oxid ase (CO) blobs in the V1 (striate) primate visual cortex has never been explained . Although the d istribution of CO blobs provid ed a persuasive example of columnar structure in the V1, there are contrad ictions about the existence of hypercolumns. Since photoreceptors and other retinal cells process and convey basically external visible photonic signals, it suggests that one of the most important tasks of early visual areas is to represent these external visible color photonic signals d uring visual perception. This representation may occur essentially in CO-rich blobs of the V1. Here w e suggest that the representation of external visible photon signals (i.e. visual representation) can be the most energetic allocation process in the brain, w hich is reasonably performed by the highest d ensity neuron al V1 areas and mitochond rial-rich cytochrome oxid ases. It is also raised that the functional unit for phosphene ind uction can be linked to small clusters of CO -rich blobs in V1. We present some implications abou t d istinction betw een the physics of visible photons/ light and its subjective experiences. We also d iscuss that amod al and mod al visual completions are possible d ue to the visual percep tion ind uced visualization w hen the brain tries to interpret the unseen parts of objects or represent features of perceived objects that are not actu ally visible. It is raised that continuously prod uced intrinsic bioluminescent photons from retinal lipid peroxid ation may have functional role in initial d evelopment of retinogeniculate pathw ays as w ell as initial appearance topographic organizations of V1 before birth. Finally, the metaphysical framew ork is the extend ed version of d ual-aspect monism (DAMv) that has the least number of problems compared to all other framew orks and hence it is better than the materialism t hat is currently dominant in science. Key w ord s: Color representation; V isible electromagnetic photons; A modal and modal visual completions; COrich blobs in V 1; Phosphenes; M etaphysics; M aterialism; Dual-aspect monism; V isual channels IN TROD UCTIONThe attributes of visible electrom agnetic photons, such as w avelength and intensity, are physics, but both exogenous (stimu lus/ light d epend ent) and / or end ogenous (such as phosphenes) colors are su bjective experiences related to its attribu tes hue, saturat ion, and brightness (Vim al, Pokorny, & Smith, 1987). When w e talk about our visual p erception, in reality, w e talk abou t the perception/ d etection of external electrom agnetic visible photons. Although external visible p hoton signals that are conveyed to V1 can be mod ulated by otherCorrespondence to : Istvan Bokkon: bokkoni@yahoo.com;

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Immunocytochemical Characterization of AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor Subunits: Laminar and Compartmental Distribution in Macaque Striate Cortex

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Distribution of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate‐type glutamate receptor subunits (GluR2/3) along the ventral visual pathway in the monkey

Distribution of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate‐type glutamate receptor subunits (GluR2/3) along the ventral visual pathway in the monkey

Neurochemical comparison of synaptic arrangements of parvocellular, magnocellular, and koniocellular geniculate pathways in owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) visual cortex

Theoretical Implications on Visual (Color) Representation and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs

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