Immunocytochemical Detection of Synaptophysin in Enteric Neurones during Prenatal Development in the Rat Stomach

Abstract

Summary In this study, the localization and appearance of synaptophysin-immunoreactive (IR) nerve cells and their relationships with the developing gastric layers were studied by immunocytochemistry and light microscopy in the embryonic rat stomach. The stomachs of Wistar rat embryos aged 13-21 days were used. The first neuronal bodies and their processes containing synaptophysin-immunoreactivity were observed on embryonic day 13. In contrast, synaptophysin-IR nerve terminals were first observed between mesenchymal cells on embryonic day 14. These results indicate that synaptophysin is expressed in growing neurits and neuronal cell bodies before these neurones have established synaptic connections. The occurrences of mesenchymal cell condensation near synaptophysin-IR neuroblasts on embryonic day 15 reflect an active nerve element-specific mesenchymal cell induction resulting in the morphogenesis of muscle cells. Similarly, the appearance of glandular structures after synaptophysin-IR neuroblasts, on embryonic day 18, suggests that the epithelial differentiation may be closely related to the neuronal maturation as well as other factors. Finally, synaptophysin is functionally important in neuronal development and maturation, together with the establishment of neuroneuronal and neuromuscular contacts and in epithelial differentiation.

Long pulse gastric electrical stimulation induces regeneration of myenteric plexus synaptic vesicles in diabetic rats

“…The expression of synaptophysin in the mRNA and protein level also rose after GES, whatever GES was short‐term or long‐term. Synaptophysin is believed to involve in the exocytosis of stored neurotransmitter and expressed in growing neuritis and neuronal cell bodies before these neurons have established synaptic connections 13 . Although there was no report about effect of GES on synaptophysin of enteric nervous system, several studies in the central nervous system have delineated the immunoreactivity of synaptophysin to increase in parallel with the formation of morphological synapses.…”

“…Synaptophysin is believed to involve in the exocytosis of stored neurotransmitter and expressed in growing neuritis and neuronal cell bodies before these neurons have established synaptic connections. 13 Although there was no report about effect of GES on synaptophysin of enteric nervous system, several studies in the central nervous system have delineated the immunoreactivity of synaptophysin to increase in parallel with the formation of morphological synapses. One of the possible reasons for the increased expression of synaptophysin-immunoreactivity may be the markedly increased intramuscular innervation.…”

“…Synaptophysin (38 kDa) is an important membrane protein found in the nerve ending at synapses, which occurs in neurotransmitter containing small synaptic vesicles, located inside the presynaptic terminals and is suggested to have an active involvement in the regulation of vesicular exocytosis and important function in neuronal development and maturation, together with the establishment of neuro-neuronal and neuromuscular contacts and in epithelial differentiation. 13 Therefore, synaptophysin is regarded to represent one of the most specific markers of neuroendocrine differentiation. Decreased or increased synaptophysin expression could be as a measure of nerve degeneration or regeneration.…”

Equine Stomach Development in the Fetal Period: An Anatomical, Topographical, and Morphometric Study

“…Equine prenatal development between the 15th and 107th day of gestation was reported in detail by Franciolli et al [ 9 ], but studies of the fetal period and of the development of the foregut caudal part (forming the stomach and gastric wall structures) are rare in the literature. The majority of researchers have focused on laboratory animals, as they are more accessible for such investigations [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Only a few studies have been aimed at the prenatal development of the stomach in domestic mammals [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

“…The majority of researchers have focused on laboratory animals, as they are more accessible for such investigations [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Only a few studies have been aimed at the prenatal development of the stomach in domestic mammals [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The lack of a detailed description of horse stomach prenatal development in the fetal period inspired us to undertake an anatomical and histological analysis of this organ.…”