Immunocytochemical investigation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in birds

Goossens, N.; Blähser, S; Oksche, A.; Vandesande, Frans; Dierickx, K

doi:10.1007/bf00220523

Cited by 86 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…These subtle discrepancies might be accounted for by species-specific properties in neural systems Takuwa-Kuroda et al 2003). These studies, carried out in Sepia and in Octopus, suggest the existence of distinct oxytocinergic-like and vasopressin-like systems in the CNS of cephalopod molluscs, as in vertebrates (e.g., Goossens et al 1977Goossens et al , 1978Bons 1980;Gonzalez and Smeets 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Distribution of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivities within the central nervous system of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

et al. 2009

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We have investigated the distribution of oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) superfamily peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, by using antibodies raised against mammalian OT and VP. Several populations of OT-like and VP-like immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were widely distributed in cerebral structures involved in learning processes (vertical lobe complex, optic lobes), behavioral communication (peduncle, lateral basal and chromatophore lobes), feeding behavior (inferior frontal, brachial and buccal lobes), sexual activity (dorsal basal, subpedunculate, olfactory lobes), and metabolism (visceral lobes). The two most remarkable findings of this study were the occurrence of OT-like immunoreactivity in many amacrine cells of the vertical lobe and the dense accumulation of VP-like immunoreactive cell bodies in the subpedunculate 1 lobe. No double-immunolabeled cell bodies or fibers were found in any lobes of the CNS, indicating, for the first time in a decapod cephalopod mollusc, the existence of distinct oxytocinergic-like and vasopressinergic-like systems. The widespread distribution of the immunoreactive neurons suggests that these OT-like and VP-like peptides act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Distribution of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivities within the central nervous system of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

et al. 2009

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“…However it is difficult to assign with certainty the groups of avian immunostainable neurons to their mammalian homologues-the suprachiasmatic (SCN), supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei-because their interconnections and embryological origin are not known or, as in the case of the lateral group, their perikarya are scattered diffusely ( 5 , 6). Nevertheless, in the avian species investigated so far (pigeon, Japanese quail, Peking duck (6), domestic fowl (5, 6), starling, Zebra finch and domestic mallard (4)), there is a common pattern with neurons immunostainable for AVT and/or M T (4-6) or neurophysin (4). The immunoreactive cells occur in three diencephalic regions, a ventral group, corresponding to the SON in mammals, a periventricular group, corresponding to the PVN and a dorsal/dorsolateral diencephalic area (6).…”

Section: 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ontogenic series of chick embryo brains (4,6,9,12,14,16 and 18 days of incubation, hatching day: 21) was coronally or saggitally sectioned and investigated for expression of the arginine vasotocin (AVT)/mesotocin (MT) gene. To this end a 39mer oligonucleotide recognizing the AVTlMT encoding sequence of their respective mRNAs was constructed employing optimized codon usage and was used for in situ hybridization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embryonal Development of Arginine Vasotocin/Mesotocin Gene Expression in the Chicken Brain

Milewski

Lvell²,

Großmann

et al. 1989

J Neuroendocrinology

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An ontogenic series of chick embryo brains (4,6,9,12,14,16 and 18 days of incubation, hatching day: 21) was coronally or saggitally sectioned and investigated for expression of the arginine vasotocin (AVT)/mesotocin (MT) gene. To this end a 39mer oligonucleotide recognizing the AVTlMT encoding sequence of their respective mRNAs was constructed employing optimized codon usage and was used for in situ hybridization. AVTlMT mRNA-expressing neurons were first detected on embryonal day (E) 6 adjacent to the third ventricle. By E9 the periventricular nucleus had expanded in size but the hybridization signal was weaker. These results suggest a migration of cells in all directions away from the third ventricle into the diencephalon; some perikarya were even observed at the lateral pial surface above the optic chiasm. By E12, brain differentiation had advanced to distinct hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal nuclei (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei) as well as to accessory groups expressing AVTlMT mRNA. Two cell types were then distinguishable in the paraventricular nucleus; the specific mRNA was expressed either as a weak or a strong hybridization signal.Comparison with other studies suggested that differentiation had almost attained adult level though cell growth and differentiation of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei still occurred. This was complete by El8 when individual cells were larger and the intensity of the hybridization signal became very strong.RNase pretreatment depressed the signal by 100%. Northern blot hybridization of RNA extracted from newly hatched chicks verified the specificity of the probe. A single band was evident, indicating an mRNA of approximately 700 bases, which is only found in hypothalamus and not in muscle, liver or extra-hypothalamic brain, and corresponds in size closely with mammalian vasopressin mRNA.The data demonstrate a very early development (E6) of neurohypophyseal hormone gene expression in the chick embryo brain with important differentiation around E9. At El2 magnocellular neuronal arrangement resembled adult neurons but the gene expression signal increased in intensity until E18.Once the egg is shelled inside the hen and once it is layed, the chick embryo develops independently of maternal support. Thus, the chick embryo offers a number of excellent advantages over mammalian systems to study hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal development and function (1). In addition, embryonic tissue is easily accessible and the embryology is well defined. The similarity in the structures, and in part, in the function of neurohypophyseal hormones between mammals and the chicken, suggests that the chicken model could provide very useful information to assess the ontogenetic regulation of these genes and may pertain for all homeotherms.Arginine vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MT) are the avian analogues to the mammalian neuropeptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, respectively. Throughout the vertebrates, these neurohypophyseal nonapeptides can be classified into two types according to t...

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“…We believe this to be a hypothalamic nucleus for two reasons: (1) the medial forebrain bundle, which is poorly deve loped in many avian species but which was readily identifiable in the budgerigar material, lies dorsal to the LHRN, in close proximity to the quintofrontal tract, and (2) the avian homolog of a mammalian hy pothalamic nucleus (the SON) is found very close to the LHRN in a number of avian species [1,20,[46][47][48]. In order to confirm this tentative assignment of the LHRN to the hypothalamus, both the function and the connections of this nucleus need to be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinohypothalamic Projections and the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Birds

Norgren

Silver

1989

Brain Behav Evol

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Although many investigators have examined retinal projections in birds, there is uncertainty as to the location and identity of a retinorecipient nucleus in the hypothalamus of Aves. A direct retinohypothalamic projection to the medial hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in mammals is believed to play a role in the entrapment of circadian rhythms. A direct retinohypothalamic projection could subserve a similar function in birds. In the present experiment, horseradish peroxidase, injected intravitreously or applied to the cut optic nerve, consistently labeled a retinorecipient nucleus in the lateral hypothalamus in ringdoves, budgerigars, quails, starlings, and song sparrows, while a significant retinal input to a medial hypothalamic nucleus was absent in these species. These results are interpreted in the light of reports of two retinorecipient nuclei, one in the medial and the other in the lateral hypothalamus, in several classes of vertebrates.

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Immunocytochemical investigation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in birds

Cited by 86 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivities within the central nervous system of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

Distribution of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivities within the central nervous system of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

Embryonal Development of Arginine Vasotocin/Mesotocin Gene Expression in the Chicken Brain

Retinohypothalamic Projections and the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Birds

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