Immunocytochemical Localization of Nitrite Reductase in Green Algae

Lopez‐Ruiz, Arnaldo; Verbelen, Jean‐Pierre; Bocanegra, Jose A.; Dı́ez, Jesús

doi:10.1104/pp.96.3.699

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Algal NiR, like in cyanobacteria and plants, is a monomer of approximately 63 kDa containing a [4Fe–4S] grouping and a siroheme as prosthetic groups. NiR is encoded by a single gene in Chlamydomonas , which is clustered with other genes essential for nitrate/nitrite assimilation (Guerrero et al, 1981 ; López-Ruiz et al, 1991 ; Quesada et al, 1993 ).…”

Section: Nitrate Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae

et al. 2015

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Nitrate assimilation is a key process for nitrogen (N) acquisition in green microalgae. Among Chlorophyte algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has resulted to be a good model system to unravel important facts of this process, and has provided important insights for agriculturally relevant plants. In this work, the recent findings on nitrate transport, nitrate reduction and the regulation of nitrate assimilation are presented in this and several other algae. Latest data have shown nitric oxide (NO) as an important signal molecule in the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of nitrate reductase and inorganic N transport. Participation of regulatory genes and proteins in positive and negative signaling of the pathway and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of nitrate assimilation, as well as those involved in Molybdenum cofactor synthesis required to nitrate assimilation, are critically reviewed.

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Section: Nitrate Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae

et al. 2015

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“…It seems obvious that other proteins may also be found in pyrenoids, although a proteomic inventory is still lacking. However, in addition to Rubisco, also nitrate reductase (NR) (Lopez-Ruiz et al, 1991), Rubisco activase (McKay et al, 1991), and the LCIB/C complex (Wang and Spalding, 2006;Yamano et al, 2010) have been localized in the pyrenoids of C. reinhardtii. The LCI (low-CO 2 (LC)inducible) genes have recently been demonstrated to be present in a number of different eukaryotic algae including diatoms (Yamano et al, 2010).…”

Section: Pyrenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biodiversity of carbon assimilation

Kroth

2015

Journal of Plant Physiology

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As all plastids that have been investigated so far can be traced back to endosymbiotic uptake of cyanobacteria by heterotrophic host cells, they accordingly show a high similarity regarding photosynthesis, which includes both the photosystems and the biochemical reactions around the CO2 fixation via the Calvin-Bassham cycle. Major differences between the different algal and plant groups may include the presence or absence of carbon concentrating mechanisms, pyrenoids, Rubisco activases, carbonic anhydrases as well as differences in the regulation of the Calvin-Bassham cycle. This review describes the diversity of primary carbon fixation steps in algae and plants and the respective regulatory mechanisms.

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“…GS is most often a large, multi‐subunit protein (Stacey et al ., 1977; Sampaio et al ., 1979; Orr et al ., 1981; Sumar et al ., 1984; Beudeker & Tabita, 1985; Florencio & Ramos, 1985; Merida et al ., 1990; Yuan et al ., 2001; El Alaoui et al ., 2003) present in thylakoid membranes (Lopez‐Ruiz et al ., 1991) and requires divalent cations, such as Mg or Mn, for activity (Blanco et al ., 1989). The wide distribution of GS‐encoding genes throughout the three domains of life suggests that this gene is ancient and has likely been horizontally transferred between the bacterial and archeal domains (Raymond, 2005).…”

Section: Metals and N Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae

2009

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Marine primary producers adapted over eons to the changing chemistry of the oceans. Because a number of metalloenzymes are necessary for N assimilation, changes in the availability of transition metals posed a particular challenge to the supply of this critical nutrient that regulates marine biomass and productivity. Integrating recently developed geochemical, biochemical, and genetic evidence, we infer that the use of metals in N assimilation - particularly Fe and Mo - can be understood in terms of the history of metal availability through time. Anoxic, Fe-rich Archean oceans were conducive to the evolution of Fe-using enzymes that assimilate abiogenic NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-). The N demands of an expanding biosphere were satisfied by the evolution of biological N(2) fixation, possibly utilizing only Fe. Trace O(2) in late Archean environments, and the eventual 'Great Oxidation Event' c. 2.3 Ga, mobilized metals such as Mo, enabling the evolution of Mo (or V)-based N(2) fixation and the Mo-dependent enzymes for NO(3)(-) assimilation and denitrification by prokaryotes. However, the subsequent onset of deep-sea euxinia, an increasingly-accepted idea, may have kept ocean Mo inventories low and depressed Fe, limiting the rate of N(2) fixation and the supply of fixed N. Eukaryotic ecosystems may have been particularly disadvantaged by N scarcity and the high Mo requirement of eukaryotic NO(3)(-) assimilation. Thorough ocean oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic led to Mo-rich oceans, possibly contributing to the proliferation of eukaryotes and thus the Cambrian explosion of metazoan life. These ideas can be tested by more intensive study of the metal requirements in N assimilation and the biological strategies for metal uptake, regulation, and storage.

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Immunocytochemical Localization of Nitrite Reductase in Green Algae

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae

Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae

The biodiversity of carbon assimilation

Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae

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