Immunocytochemical localization of taurine in the mammalian retina

Lake, Norma; Verdone-Smith, Carole

doi:10.3109/02713688908995188

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…There are no measurable taurine signals in any horizontal cells, while most other cells exhibit supramillimolar levels. The highest levels of taurine in the goldfish neural retina are found in Mtiller's cells, photoreceptors, and some bipolar cells, as in rat retina (Lake and Verdone-Smith, 1989), and can far exceed 10 mM. Amacrine cells and most bipolar cells possess 5-15 mM taurine levels, with no clear differentiations among them, while the ganglion cell population displays broad taurine signal dispersion consistent with the presence of taurinebased subtypes within the E4 signature.…”

Section: Probability Density Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

1995

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Pattern recognition of amino acid signals partitions the cells of the goldfish retina into nine statistically unique biochemical theme classes and permits a first-order chemical mapping of virtually all cellular space. Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells display a set of unique, nominally glutamatergic type E1, E1+E2, and E4 signatures, respectively. All horizontal cells are assignable to a GABAergic gamma 2 class or a non-GABAergic class with a glutamate-rich E3 signature. The amacrine cell layer is largely a mixture of (1) a taurine-dominated T1 Muller's cell signature and (2) GABAergic gamma 1, glycinergic G1, and dual glycinergic/GABAergic G gamma 1 amacrine cell signatures. Several major conclusions emerge from this work. (1) Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic neural signatures and glial signatures account for over 99% of the cellular space in the retina. (2) All known neurons in the goldfish retina are associated with a set of conventional nonpeptide neurotransmitters. (3) Multiple forms of metabolic profiles are associated with a single nominal neurotransmitter category. (4) Glutamate and aspartate contents exhibit overlapping distributions and are not adequate univariate probes for identifying cell classes. (5) Signatures can serve as quantitative measures of cell state.

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Section: Probability Density Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

1995

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“…Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the localisation of taurine and cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase in the mammalian retina [78,79]. Chronic hypernatrema has been shown to increase the taurine transporter mRNA in rat retina [80].…”

Section: Taurine and The Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications

Hansen

2001

Diabetes Metabolism Res

243

157

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The ubiquitously found beta-amino acid taurine has several physiological functions, e.g. in bile acid formation, as an osmolyte by cell volume regulation, in the heart, in the retina, in the formation of N-chlorotaurine by reaction with hypochlorous acid in leucocytes, and possibly for intracellular scavenging of carbonyl groups. Some animals, such as the cat and the C57BL/6 mouse, have disturbances in taurine homeostasis. The C57BL/6 mouse strain is widely used in diabetic and atherosclerotic animal models. In diabetes, the high extracellular levels of glucose disturb the cellular osmoregulation and sorbitol is formed intracellularly due to the intracellular polyol pathway, which is suspected to be one of the key processes in the development of diabetic late complications and associated cellular dysfunctions. Intracellular accumulation of sorbitol is most likely to cause depletion of other intracellular compounds including osmolytes such as myo-inositol and taurine. When considering the clinical complications in diabetes, several links can be established between altered taurine metabolism and the development of cellular dysfunctions in diabetes which cause the clinical complications observed in diabetes, e.g. retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, platelet aggregation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Possible therapeutic perspectives could be a supplementation with taurine and other osmolytes and low-molecular compounds, perhaps in a combinational therapy with aldose reductase inhibitors.

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“…A commercial serum which we evaluated in parallel had considerable cross reactivity with i8-alanine and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) (Lake & Verdone-Smith, 1989). Preabsorption of our primary antitaurine serum with taurine-BSA conjugates virtually eliminated all immunofluorescence, whereas preabsorption with, for example, GABA-BSA conjugates did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunocytochemical localization of taurine and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human optic nerve

1992

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Taurine immunoreactivity (IR) in \-pm sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed human optic nerve was observed using light microscopy and an antibody raised in rabbit to taurine conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Throughout the nerve, taurine-lR was prominent in glial cells, in their perinuclear regions, and in their numerous branching processes, some of which extended to the pial septa. The peripheral glial mantle (glia limitans) was densely stained, whereas axons and the pial septa showed relatively little or no taurine-IR. Immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte-specific marker, was evaluated on adjacent sections. The pattern of GFAP-IR was highly similar to that for taurine, suggesting that a subset of taurine-immunoreactive glial cells are optic nerve astrocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first localization of taurine and GFAP in human optic nerve.

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Immunocytochemical localization of taurine in the mammalian retina

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications

Immunocytochemical localization of taurine and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human optic nerve

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