Immunocytochemical Localization of Taurine in the Pineal Organ and Retina of an Anadromous Fish, Plecoglossus altivelis.

Omura, Yuri; Hach, A.; Furukawa, Elisa; Ueck, M.; Lake, Norma

doi:10.1679/aohc.60.153

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In most fishes, the diameter of the outer rod segments is only 1-2 μm, which is inconvenient for electrophysiological and MSP experiments with single cell (Ali et al, 1977;Hawryshyn & Harosi, 1994;Kondrashev, 2008); nonetheless, the thick rods of smelts (4-6 μm) allowed the author to obtain the absorption spectra of single cells with good signal: noise characteristics. Judging by electron microphotographs, large rod segments (c. 4 μm in diameter) were found also in P. altivelis (Omura et al, 1997;Omura & Inagaki, 2000). Thus, the large size of the rods and the high optical density of the pigment in them indicate a high scotopic sensitivity of all the studied Osmeriformes species.…”

Section: The Visual Spectra and Pigments Of Smeltsmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae)

Kondrashev

2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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The main goal of this study was to clarify whether the spectral properties of retinal photoreceptors reflect the features of behaviour of closely related fish species cohabiting shallow marine and fresh waters. The spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors was compared between two smelt species, Hypomesus japonicus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis. The spectral absorption of the visual pigments was measured using microspectrophotometry. In H. japonicus, a mostly marine species, all photoreceptors contained visual pigments based on retinal and were distributed differently in specific retinal areas. The absorbance maxima (λ max ) of rods and long-wavesensitive members of double cones throughout the retina amounted to 507 and 573 nm, respectively, but the λ max value of the short-wave-sensitive members of double cones and single cones in the temporal hemiretina showed a significant blue shift compared to the nasal hemiretina: 485 vs. 516 nm and 375 vs. 412 nm, respectively, thus enhancing the short-wave sensitivity of the temporal hemiretina. In H. nipponensis, an euryhaline species, the estimated λ max value of both rods and cones significantly varied between the groups caught in different localities (sea, river or estuary) because of the presence of rhodopsin/porphyropsin mixtures. The longwavelength shift in rod and cone photoreceptors was observed because of changes in the chromophore complement in closely related but ecologically different species dwelling in freshened bodies of water. Considering the data available in the literature, several putative common opsin genes have been suggested for species under study.

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Section: The Visual Spectra and Pigments Of Smeltsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Judging by electron microphotographs, large rod segments ( c . 4 μm in diameter) were found also in P. altivelis (Omura et al ., 1997; Omura & Inagaki, 2000). Thus, the large size of the rods and the high optical density of the pigment in them indicate a high scotopic sensitivity of all the studied Osmeriformes species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae)

Kondrashev

2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Taurine may be present in fecal as a result of bacterial deconjugation of bile acids ( Ridlon et al, 2006 ). Moreover, taurine was observed in each region of the brain including the pineal ( Omura et al, 1997 ), pons medulla, hypothalamus ( Junyent et al, 2011 ), striatum ( Fordahl et al, 2010 ), and cerebellum ( Taranukhin et al, 2010 ). It was reported that taurine could ameliorate certain forms of neuropathology, and lacked of taurine would slow down cell differentiation and migration in cerebellum, pyramidal cells and visual cortex ( Maar et al, 1995 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Relevant Metabolites Analysis in Alcohol Dependent Mice

et al. 2018

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Alcohol abuse is a major public health crisis. Relative evidences supported that the gut microbiota (GM) played an important role in central nervous system (CNS) function, and the composition of them had changed after alcohol drinking. We sought to explore the changes of GM in alcohol dependence. In our study, the GM of mice with alcohol administration was detected through analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the fecal metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. The microbial diversity was significantly higher in the alcohol administration group, the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and its class Clostridiales were elevated, meanwhile the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Odoribacter showed significant differences among the three groups. Based on LC-MS results, bile acid, secondary bile acid, serotonin and taurine level had varying degrees of changes in alcohol model. From paraffin sections, tissue damage was observed in liver and colon. These findings provide direct evidence that alcohol intake affects the composition of GM, enable a better understanding of the function of GM in the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and give a new thought for alcohol addiction treatment.

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“…We also hypothesize that plant-based diets may not allow for development of fully functional visual system as a low taurine diet, or treatment with agonists of taurine uptake, have been documented to impede the embryonic development of the retina and maintenance of normal retinal function in mammals; the latter because of taurine’s role as an antioxidant and osmolyte (i.e., a compound maintaining intracellular osmotic balance) [22–24]. High concentrations of taurine have, moreover, been found in the photoreceptor cells (i.e., rod and cone cells) and retinal pigment epithelium in several teleost fish species [25–30]. Although it has been suggested that taurine is only an osmolyte in retinal cells of fishes [26], other investigators have concluded that the role of taurine in development and maintenance of retinal function is conserved throughout the vertebrate order [21,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary taurine level on visual function in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Brill¹,

Horodysky

Place

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Dietary insufficiencies have been well documented to decrease growth rates and survival (and therefore overall production) in fish aquaculture. By contrast, the effects of dietary insufficiencies on the sensory biology of cultured fish remains largely unstudied. Diets based solely on plant protein sources could have advantages over fish-based diets because of the cost and ecological effects of the latter, but plant proteins lack the amino acid taurine. Adequate levels of taurine are, however, necessary for the development of a fully functional visual system in mammals. As part of ongoing studies to determine the suitability of plant-based diets, we investigated the effects of normal and reduced taurine dietary levels on retinal anatomy and function in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). We could not demonstrate any effects of dietary taurine level on retinal anatomy, nor the functional properties of luminous sensitivity and temporal resolution (measured as flicker fusion frequency). We did, however, find an effect on spectral sensitivity. The peak of spectral sensitivity of individuals fed a 5% taurine diet was rightward shifted (i.e., towards longer wavelengths) relative to that of fish fed a 0% or 1.5% taurine diet. This difference in in spectral sensitivity was due to a relatively lower level of middle wavelength pigment (maximum absorbance .500 nm) in fish fed a 5% taurine diet. Changes in spectral sensitivity resulting from diets containing different taurine levels are unlikely to be detrimental to fish destined for market, but could be in fishes that are being reared for stock enhancement programs.

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Immunocytochemical Localization of Taurine in the Pineal Organ and Retina of an Anadromous Fish, Plecoglossus altivelis.

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae)

Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae)

Gut Microbiota and Relevant Metabolites Analysis in Alcohol Dependent Mice

Effects of dietary taurine level on visual function in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

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