Immunocytochemical location of hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins at the interface between a mycorrhizal fungus and its host plants

Bonfante, Paola; Tamagnone, Luca; Peretto, R.; Esquerré-Tugayé, Marie-Thérèse; Mazau, Dominique; Mosiniak, M.; Vian, B.

doi:10.1007/bf01322283

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, Frühling et al (39) have determined that a novel leghemoglobin gene is induced in broad bean mycorrhizal roots; its function there is unknown. Bonfante-Fasolo et al (40) have observed that hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins are found at the interface between the fungus and its host, and Gianinazzi-Pearson (41) reported that ENOD12, which encodes another putative proline-rich protein, is expressed in mycorrhizal roots in cells containing arbuscules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae andRhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved

Rhijn

Fang²,

Galili³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

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Transcripts for two genes expressed early in alfalfa nodule development (MsENOD40 and MsENOD2) are found in mycorrhizal roots, but not in noncolonized roots or in roots infected with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. These same two early nodulin genes are expressed in uninoculated roots upon application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine. Correlated with the expression of the two early nodulin genes, we found that mycorrhizal roots contain higher levels of trans-zeatin riboside than nonmycorrhizal roots. These data suggest that there may be conservation of signal transduction pathways between the two symbioses-nitrogen-fixing nodules and phosphate-acquiring mycorrhizae.Of the two commonly described symbioses of roots-nitrogenfixing nodules in response to members of Rhizobiaceae or Frankiaceae and phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) between roots and endophytic fungi-the more ancient of the two is AM. Structures identified as arbuscules have been found in Aglaophyton major, an early Devonian land plant, providing evidence for at least a Ͼ400-million-year-old association between terrestrial plants and fungi (1). In contrast, the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is much younger, having been established no more than 65 to 136 million years ago, when the angiosperms evolved. However, unlike the AM symbiosis, which is found in almost all angiosperm families, Rhizobiuminduced nitrogen-fixing symbioses appear to be restricted to a single subclade of a larger nitrogen-fixing clade (2).LaRue and Weeden (3) proposed that nodulation evolved from the more ancient AM association because of certain similarities between the two symbioses. For example, some legumes are Nod Ϫ (absence of nodule formation) as well as Myc Ϫ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae andRhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved

Rhijn

Fang²,

Galili³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

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“…Journet et al, 2001). The gene product could be involved in modifications of the matrix between the fungal and the plant membrane in arbuscules as it was detected for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in leek (Bonfante-Fasolo et al, 1991) or for arabinogalactan proteins in pea or M. truncatula (Gollotte et al, 1995;van Buuren et al, 1999).…”

Section: Ephmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of mycorrhiza-regulated genes with arbuscule development-related expression profile

et al. 2004

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Suppressive subtractive hybridisation was applied to the analysis of late stage arbuscular mycorrhizal development in pea. 96 cDNA clones were amplified and 81, which carried fragments more than 200 nt in size, were sequence analysed. Among 67 unique fragments, 10 showed no homology and 10 were similar to sequences with unknown function. RNA accumulation of the corresponding 67 genes was analysed by hybridisation of macro-arrays. The cDNAs used as probes were derived from roots of wild type and late mutant pea genotypes, inoculated or not with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. After calibration, a more than 2.5-fold mycorrhiza-induced RNA accumulation was detected in two independent experiments in the wild type for 25 genes, 22 of which seemed to be induced specifically during late stage AM development. Differential expression for 7 genes was confirmed by RT-PCR using RNA from mycorrhiza and from controls of a different pea cultivar. In order to confirm arbuscule-related expression, the Medicago truncatula EST data base was screened for homologous sequences with putative mycorrhiza-related expression and among a number of sequences with significant similarities, a family of trypsin inhibitor genes could be identified. Mycorrhiza-induced RNA accumulation was verified for five members by real-time PCR and arbuscule-related activation of the promoter could be shown in transgenic roots for one of the genes, MtTi 1.

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“…Extensin HRGPs are hugely involved: tensile stress increases HRGP levels, indicating a role in strengthening the support tissues [174, 256 -258]. There are also quite specific responses to wounding [76, 124, 144, 145, 148, 213, 257 -264], including gummosis [265,266], pathogen elicitors [124,148,267], nematodes [268], insect herbivory, and to mycorrhizal [269,270] and rhizobial symbionts. The common theme first noted by Esquerre-Tugaye [271] is the formation of a 'barrier' that excludes pathogens [272].…”

Section: Sometimes a Ziggurat Is Just A Zigguratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life behind cell walls: paradigm lost, paradigm regained

Lamport

2001

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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This review of the living cell wall and its protein components is in two parts. The first is anecdotal. A personal account spanning over 40 years research may perhaps be an antidote to one stereotypical view of scientists as detached and humorless. The second part deals with the meaning of function, particularly as it applies to hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. Function is a difficult word to define objectively. However, with help from such luminaries as Humpty Dumpty: "A word means what I want it to mean, neither more nor less," and Wittgenstein: "Giving examples of usage ... is the only way to talk about meaning," it is possible to construct a ziggurat representing increasingly complex levels of organization from molecular structure to ecology. Forty years ago I suggested that hydroxyproline-rich structural proteins played a key role in cell wall functioning. But because the bulk of the wall is carbohydrate, there has been an understandable resistance to paradigm change. Expansins, paradoxically, contribute greatly to this resistance because their modus operandi as cell-wall-loosening proteins is based on the idea that they break hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide chains allowing slippage. However, this view is not consistent with the recent discovery [Grobe et al. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem 263: 33-40] that beta-expansins may be proteases, as it implies that the extensin network is not a straightjacket but a substrate for expansin in muro. Such a direct role for extensins in both negative and positive regulation of cell expansion and elongation may constitute a major morphogenetic mechanism operating at all levels of plant growth and development.

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Immunocytochemical location of hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins at the interface between a mycorrhizal fungus and its host plants

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae andRhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved

Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae andRhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved

Identification of mycorrhiza-regulated genes with arbuscule development-related expression profile

Life behind cell walls: paradigm lost, paradigm regained

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