Immunocytochemistry: an indispensable technique in routine cytology

Skoog, Lambert; Tani, Ednéia

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00887.x

Cited by 82 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Storage of air-dried preparations for up to 2 weeks at 2 C to 8 C before ICC does not appear to reduce their antigenicity. 100 If longer storage is needed, slides should be kept at -70 C. 345,362 Some laboratories fix cytologic samples with methanol and, if not used immediately, cover them with 3% polyethylene glycol for storage or transportation. 188 Fixation and Antigen Retrieval.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the type of fixation is determined by the cytological procedure and the antigens to be tested. 345 In ICC, samples are wet-fixed or air-dried and fixed immediately before performing ICC with 100% acetone or 10% formalin. 73,379 Air-dried preparations tend to lose fewer cells than wet-fixed preparations, but inconsistent ICC results have been reported with air-dried samples.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43,62,86,101,345,435 Cell smears give reproducible results with nuclear markers but are less suitable for cytoplasmic and membrane markers due to the high background produced by cell damage during slide preparation. 345 Cytospin preparations are less susceptible than smears to cell damage. 284 The use of pretreated slides to promote cell adhesion reduces loss of cells during the ICC procedure.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73,379 Air-dried preparations tend to lose fewer cells than wet-fixed preparations, but inconsistent ICC results have been reported with air-dried samples. 86 For nuclear antigens, fixation of air-dried specimens in buffered 4% to 10% formalin alone or followed by methanol-acetone produces excellent results, 345,361 although air-drying of smears before fixation has been reported to hinder estrogen or progesterone receptor detection. 239 For membrane and cytoplasmic antigens, the type of fixation is not as critical as for nuclear antigens; various fixatives, including formalin followed by ethanol, a 1:1 mixture of methanol-absolute ethanol, or acetone at -20 C, produce good results.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Tissue Antigens and Antibodies Get Along

2013

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Once focused mainly on the characterization of neoplasms, immunohistochemistry (IHC) today is used in the investigation of a broad range of disease processes with applications in diagnosis, prognostication, therapeutic decisions to tailor treatment to an individual patient, and investigations into the pathogenesis of disease. This review addresses the technical aspects of immunohistochemistry (and, to a lesser extent, immunocytochemistry) with attention to the antigen-antibody reaction, optimal fixation techniques, tissue processing considerations, antigen retrieval methods, detection systems, selection and use of an autostainer, standardization and validation of IHC tests, preparation of proper tissue and reagent controls, tissue microarrays and other high-throughput systems, quality assurance/quality control measures, interpretation of the IHC reaction, and reporting of results. It is now more important than ever, with these sophisticated applications, to standardize the entire IHC process from tissue collection through interpretation and reporting to minimize variability among laboratories and to facilitate quantification and interlaboratory comparison of IHC results.

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Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Tissue Antigens and Antibodies Get Along

2013

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“…30,31 This retrospective study describes the utility of FNA as a diagnostic adjunct to medical imaging in the preoperative evaluation and management of patients with PancNETs but at the same time shows the limitations of this technique with regard to grading PancNETs.…”

Section: Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fine-Needle Aspiration in the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Utility and Limitations in Light of the New World Health Organization Classification

Moyana

Kendal

Chatterjee

et al. 2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.-Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PancNETs) are rare and tend to get overshadowed by their more prevalent and aggressive ductal adenocarcinoma counterparts. The biological behavior of PancNETs is unpredictable, and thus management is controversial. However, the new World Health Organization classification has significantly contributed to the prognostic stratification of these patients. Concurrently, there have been advances in surgical techniques for benign or lowgrade pancreatic tumors. These procedures include minimally invasive and parenchyma-sparing operations such as laparoscopy and enucleation.Objective.-To report on the utility and limitations of fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative evaluation and management of PancNETs.Design.-This was a retrospective review of our institutional tumor database from 2002 to 2012. There were 25 cases of PancNETs that were localized and staged by medical imaging and diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration.Results.-Fourteen patients underwent laparotomy, with some requiring only limited surgery; 4 had laparoscopic resections; 4 were serially observed without surgical intervention; and another 3 were inoperable. After a mean follow-up of 37 months, more than half of the patients had no evidence of disease, including most of those who underwent minimally invasive surgery.Conclusions.-Fine-needle aspiration is a useful diagnostic adjunct to medical imaging in the preoperative evaluation and management of PancNETs. However, there are limitations with regard to grading PancNETs using this technique.(Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138:896-902; doi: 10.5858/ arpa.2013-0300-OA) C ross-sectional imaging, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are important in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic masses.1-4 Although the majority of pancreatic tumors are ductal adenocarcinomas, other neoplasms such as neuroendocrine tumors, acinar cell carcinomas, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, cystic neoplasms, and metastases also occur. 5,6 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PancNETs) are a particularly interesting group of neoplasms because they can present clinically with neuroendocrine manifestations or remain silent until their presence is heralded by mass effect. They can be single and sporadic or can be a component of several syndromes.2-4 The biological behavior of PancNETs is unpredictable, especially in the absence of locoregional spread or metastases. Thus, the management is controversial. However, there is now a growing consensus that the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification has significantly contributed to the prognostic stratification of these patients.7-9 Concurrently, there have been advances in surgical techniques for benign or low-grade pancreatic tumors. These procedures include minimally invasive and parenchyma-sparing operations such as laparoscopy and enucleation.10-13 Herein, we report on the utility and limitations of FNA in the preoperative evaluation and management of PancNETs in light of these developments. MATERIALS AND METHO...

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