Immunoendocrine Response to Cycling following Ingestion of Caffeine and Carbohydrate

Abstract

Taken together, this suggests that coingestion of caffeine and CHO has greater influence on immunoendocrine responses than neutrophil functional responses to prolonged exercise.

Caffeine Does Not Augment Markers of Muscle Damage or Leukocytosis Following Resistance Exercise

“…These results were consistent with Walker et al 12 who demonstrated that cortisol levels were not augmented when 6.0 mg⋅kg −1 caffeine was ingested before cycling exercise at 65% of V O2max for 120 min. Conversely, the results of the current study were not consistent with Bishop et al 23 who demonstrated that epinephrine and lymphocyte levels were augmented when caffeine was ingested at 6.0 mg⋅kg −1 before cycling exercise at 70% of V O2max for 90 min.…”

“…11 The effects of caffeine ingestion before endurance exercise have been commonly studied. 3,12,13 However, less is known concerning the effects of caffeine ingestion before resistance exercise.…”

“…[17][18][19] Previous studies demonstrated that caffeine ingestion before exercise increased the inflammatory response, as demonstrated by greater increases in markers of muscle damage and leukocyte levels. 12,20 Several potential mechanisms exist by which caffeine may influence immune cell trafficking and function. Caffeine's role as an adenosine receptor antagonist could result in blockage of A2 A adenosine receptors that are expressed on neutrophils.…”

The Effects of Sports Drink Osmolality on Fluid Intake and Immunoendocrine Responses to Cycling in Hot Conditions

“…Some studies report that carbohydrate prevents a decline in neutrophil elastase release (3) and oxidative burst activity (25), whereas other studies demonstrate no effect of carbohydrate (2,(22)(23)(24)26). These discrepant findings are likely due to variation in various factors including exercise protocols, the training status of subjects, timing of blood samples and assays of neutrophil function (27,28).…”

Effect of a single and repeated dose of caffeine on antigen-stimulated human natural killer cell CD69 expression after high-intensity intermittent exercise

“…Of the handful of studies that have been published, all have administered 6 mg kg -1 body mass caffeine in one bolus dose following a 60-h abstinence period (Bishop et al 2005Fletcher and Bishop 2010a;Walker et al 2006Walker et al , 2007Walker et al , 2008. However, caffeine is typically consumed in separate doses throughout the day, following an overnight abstention (Fredholm et al 1999).…”