Immunoengineered MXene nanosystem for mitigation of alloantigen presentation and prevention of transplant vasculopathy

Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Healthcare Monitoring

“…They interacted well with human endothelial cells and reduced lymphocyte infiltration in a rat model without adverse effects. 145 Liang et al successfully engineered the surface of MoS 2 quantum dots (QDs) using cyclodextrin-based chemistry, resulting in β-CD-modified MoS 2 QDs. These modified QDs exhibited enhanced fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, and stability, making them promising for diverse bioimaging applications.…”

“…Yan et al demonstrated the potential of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets in preventing allograft vasculopathy, an aggressive form of atherosclerosis. They interacted well with human endothelial cells and reduced lymphocyte infiltration in a rat model without adverse effects . Liang et al successfully engineered the surface of MoS 2 quantum dots (QDs) using cyclodextrin-based chemistry, resulting in β-CD-modified MoS 2 QDs.…”

MXene-based composites in smart wound healing and dressings

“…By reducing the inflammatory response, MXenes promote a balanced immune response, allowing for more efficient wound healing. One mechanism through which MXenes exert their anti-inflammatory effects is modulation of the activity of immune cells 97 . It is shown that MXenes have the ability to regulate the behavior of macrophages, the key immune cells involved in wound healing and inflammation.…”

V4C3 MXene Immune Profiling and Modulation of T Cell‐Dendritic Cell Function and Interaction

“…Thanks to their outstanding physicochemical properties, the 2D transition metal carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes) [1,2] are currently studied for biomedical applications ranging from artificial organs, [3] intraocular lenses, [4] and theranostics [5,6] to implantable and epidermal electrodes, [7] and many others. [5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In particular, MXene nanosheets exhibit high photothermal-conversion efficiency and localized surface plasmon resonance effect, expanding the field of photodynamic and photothermal therapy, [17] and a high surface area suitable for drug delivery. [18][19][20] Notably, the high metallic conductivity of MXenes is accompanied by hydrophilicity, [21,22] a fundamental aspect for biomedical purposes.…”

“…[25] MXenes, specifically Ta 4 C 3 and Ti 3 C 2 , have demonstrated significant potential in improving the success rate of organ transplantation and have been employed for in vivo prevention and treatment of transplant vasculopathy thanks to their immunomodulatory effects which reduce the activation of T-lymphocytes and infiltration of immune cells. [15,26] Given these advancements, MXenes hold great promise in the field of immunomodulatory medicine. However, the immunocompatibility and possible immune modulatory effects of the single components of this large family of materials are still unexplored.…”