Immunogenetic Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. IV. Increased Risk in Chinese of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Associated With a Chinese-Related HLA Profile (A2, Singapore 2)2

Simons, Margaret; Wee, G. B.; Goh, Eui-Kyung; Chan, Shih Huang; Shanmugaratnam, K; Day, Nicholas E.; de-Thé, G

doi:10.1093/jnci/57.5.977

Cited by 96 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…HLA associations have been reported in NPC. With the highest incidence populations, similar HLA associations have been reported among the Chinese from Singapore (Simons et al, 1976;Chan et al, 1983) Malaysia, Hong Kong (Simons et al, 1977), China (Cui & Lin, 1982) and California (Jing et al, 1977). In Singapore, the associations among Chinese NPC were with A2 BW46 among older onset NPC and AW19 B17 among total NPC but this association was especially strong among younger onset NPC (Chan et al, 1983).…”

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confidence: 54%

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HLA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malays

Chan¹,

Ct²,

Prasad³

et al. 1985

Br J Cancer

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HLA associations were observed in unrelated Malay patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). HLA-B18 was observed in 18/45 (40%) Malay NPC patients compared to 22/167 (13%) Malay normals (P = 0.0001; Pc = 0.0027, RR = 4.4). The frequency of HLA-B17, one of the antigens associated with Chinese NPC, was also increased among Malay NPC (13/45 29%) compared to controls (18/167 11%; P = 0.003, Pc = 0.07 RR = 3.4). Similar to the findings among Chinese NPC, the frequency of B17 was higher in early onset (less than or equal to 30 years) Malay NPC resulting in a higher relative risk (RR = 5.0).

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confidence: 54%

“…Lymphocyte separation and HLA typing were performed from freshly drawn venous blood as discussed previously (Simons et al, 1976 (Omar, 1983). However these findings will have to be confirmed by a larger study.…”

Section: Hla Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malays

Chan¹,

Ct²,

Prasad³

et al. 1985

Br J Cancer

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“…In southern Chinese and other Asian populations, HLA-A2-B46 (252,(277)(278)(279)(280)(281)(282)(283)(284) and B17 (281,282,(285)(286)(287) were generally associated with a 2-to 3-fold increase in NPC risk. In contrast, 30% to 50% lower risk of NPC was found in association with HLA-A11 in both Chinese and Whites (277, 281-283, 287, 288), B13 in Chinese (279,282), and A2 in Whites (288,289).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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“…The epidemiological pattern may be because of genetic susceptibility correlated with certain Chinese-related HLA antigen profiles and/or to environmental factors (the consumption of salted fish or exposure to fumes, smoke, and chemicals from the occupational environment; Refs. 197,[204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211].…”

Section: Nasopharyngeal Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%