Immunogenetics of human haptoglobins

Javid, Jamshid; Yingling, Wendy

doi:10.1172/jci105914

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…In all previous published methods for the separation HBOCs from Hb and other serum proteins extensive effort was expended in removing interfering proteins, namely Hp [20]. The Hp protein acts as a scavenger for free Hb in blood serum and will bind to Hb with high affinity [32]. In previous CZE analyses of HBOCs, the Hb-Hp complex was found to interfere with the identification of the HBOC, due to similarities in the migration times [20].…”

Section: Hp Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of whole blood samples for hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers without the use of immunoprecipitation

Harrison

Vydha

2012

Electrophoresis

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Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are blood substitutes, synthesized by polymerizing hemoglobin, which are being developed and investigated as alternatives to blood for medical purposes. However, due to their ability to increase the oxygen carrying capacity when taken by healthy individuals, HBOCs have been used as a doping agent among endurance athletes and are included in the World Anti-Doping Agency's Prohibited List. To maintain the fairness of competitions and continue the battle against doping, it is essential to be able to detect HBOCs if present in an athlete's blood. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to differentiate HBOCs from the native hemoglobin and to do so in a cost and time effective manner. We have developed a rapid capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), UV absorbance, method capable of detecting HBOCs, in whole blood samples, at levels below those considered necessary to provide a performance enhancement. Our approach to the analysis for HBOCs utilizes the whole blood sample, not just the plasma, and does not require the use of immunoprecipitants to ensure accurate analysis. By lysing the red blood cells and using centrifugal filtration, followed by our CZE separation, we are able to effectively distinguish between native hemoglobin and HBOCs. Through this method, we have been able to reliably detect concentrations of HBOCs at the equivalent of 5.5 g/L, the equivalent to a 3.5% increase in blood hemoglobin concentration for an athlete.

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Section: Hp Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of whole blood samples for hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers without the use of immunoprecipitation

Harrison

Vydha

2012

Electrophoresis

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Forensic aspects of haptoglobin: Electrophoretic patterns of haptoglobin allotype products and an evaluation of typing procedure

et al. 1988

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A procedure used for haptoglobin (Hp) typing in paternity cases has been evaluated. All serum samples have been subtyped with a one-dimensional isoelectric focusing/immunoblotting method, and samples with rare or questionable patterns have been further examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis with isoelectric focusing in the first dimension followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. The electrophoretic Hp-patterns of common and rare alpha- and beta-chain variants are shown, including allotype patterns of two new beta-chain variants and three new alpha-chain variants. Retyping of nearly 2000 individuals at intervals between 1 to 12 months revealed a typing error frequency of about 0.3%, which is considered acceptable, provided new blood samples are required in every case of paternity exclusion. Comparison of typing results obtained with the present procedure and with routine starch gel electrophoresis in more than 5000 serum samples gave conflicting results in 6 samples. The sensitivity of the described one-dimensional subtyping method was slightly better than that of starch gel electrophoresis. In 4110 unrelated individuals, involved in cases of disputed paternity the Hp 2SS 0.038, Hp 2FF 0.004, and Hp 3 (Johnson) 0.0005. These allele frequencies give a theoretical paternity exclusion rate of 32.5%, which is in accordance with the observed rate in 2200 paternity cases with more than 600 non-fathers. It is concluded that the present procedure represents a definite improvement for Hp subtyping in practical paternity diagnostics. Preliminary results with retyping of weak Hp patterns using a staining technique involving the biotin/avidin complex indicate that the sensitivity of the one-dimensional subtyping method may be substantially increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Haptoglobin: The Evolutionary Product of Duplication, Unequal Crossing Over, and Point Mutation

Bowman

Kurosky

1982

Advances in Human Genetics

312

302

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Immunogenetics of human haptoglobins

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of whole blood samples for hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers without the use of immunoprecipitation

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of whole blood samples for hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers without the use of immunoprecipitation

Forensic aspects of haptoglobin: Electrophoretic patterns of haptoglobin allotype products and an evaluation of typing procedure

Haptoglobin: The Evolutionary Product of Duplication, Unequal Crossing Over, and Point Mutation

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