Immunogenicity and durability against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 variants at 3 to 4 months after a heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccine in healthy adults with a two-doses CoronaVac vaccination

Abstract

Objectives: Several countries have authorized a booster vaccine campaign to combat the spread of COVID-19. Data on persistence of booster vaccine-induced immunity against new Omicron subvariants are still limited. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the serological immune response of COVID-19 booster after CoronaVac-priming. Methods: A total of 187 CoronaVac-primed participants were enrolled and received an inactivated (BBIBP), viral vector (AZD1222) or mRNA vaccine (full-/half-dose BNT162B2, full-/half-dose mRNA-1273) as a booster dose. The persistence of humoral immunity both binding and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron was determined on day 90-120 after booster. Results: A waning of total RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 variants was observed 90-120 days after booster vaccination. Participants who received mRNA-1273 had the highest persistence of the immunogenicity response, followed by BNT162b2, AZD1222, and BBIBP-CorV. The responses between full and half doses of mRNA-1273 were comparable. The percentage reduction of binding antibody ranged from 50% to 75% among all booster vaccine. Conclusions: The antibody response substantially waned after 90-120 days post-booster dose. The heterologous mRNA and the viral vector booster demonstrated higher detectable rate of humoral immune responses against the Omicron variant compared to the inactivated BBIBP booster. Nevertheless, an additional fourth dose is recommended to maintain immune response against infection.

Durability of immune response against omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 and T cell responses after boosting with mRNA and adenoviral vector-based vaccines following heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1nCov-19 vaccination

“…We observed sustained detectable immunogenicity through 3-month post-third boost, although a decline in antibody response was observed in all vaccination regimens. This finding corroborates a previously conducted study 7 that reported on the durability of the immune response at 3 months after booster vaccination in participants who received either an adenoviral-vector or mRNA vaccine as a third dose following two doses of CoronaVac vaccines. Additionally, a previous report 13 has summarized the benefits of heterologous vaccination with primary series and/or booster doses, showing a better immune response than homologous vaccination.…”

“… 5 , 6 However, only a few studies have reported on the longitudinal immune response after the heterologous booster dose. 5 , 7 , 8 Additionally, this coincided with the emergence of new omicron subvariants, which highly evade immunity, raising concerns about the durability of the immune response after the third dose booster and its cross-reactivity in neutralizing the omicron subvariant.…”

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (RQ3013) given as the fourth booster following three doses of inactivated vaccines: a double-blinded, randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial

“…However, it has been reported that the immunity provided by other mRNA boosters against omicron variants can last for up to 4 months. 32 To better understand the public health implications of RQ3013 as a booster, we are following study participants for at least six months to monitor immunity and evidence of vaccine failures, and plan to report on humoral immunity assays in forthcoming studies. Fourth, the generalizability of our conclusion may be constrained due to the high prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections in the current population.…”

Evaluation of Anti-S1 IgA Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccination Regimens

“…Our study aimed to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-specific immunoglobulin A (anti-S1 IgA) by using the leftover serum from our previous cohort studies on the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In our previous studies, we reported the levels of binding antibodies, such as IgG, and neutralizing antibodies, following immunization with different regimens of two, three, and four doses of COVID-19 vaccines.…”

“…In our previous studies, we reported the levels of binding antibodies, such as IgG, and neutralizing antibodies, following immunization with different regimens of two, three, and four doses of COVID-19 vaccines. The study was conducted at the Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand between March 2021 and September 2022 [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The participants were conveniently assigned to receive any vaccine that was available during the study period.…”